Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/ka-

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Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *ka-.

Pronunciation

Prefix

*ka-

  1. marker of past time in temporal expressions
  2. stative marker in irrealis constructions
    Antonym: *ma-
  3. extremely; superlative
  4. mate, partner, cohort
  5. formative for abstract nouns of quality
  6. manner in which an action is carried out
  7. past participle, achieved state

Descendants

  • Proto-Philippine:
    • Batanic
      • Yami: ka- (company, as ... as, abstract noun; and then, just now, only; stative verb prefix reappearing in forming transitive verbs; very (reduplicated root); animals named after certain features (reduplicated root))
    • Greater Central Philippine
      • Central Philippine
        • Tagalog: ka-
        • Coastal Bikol
          • Bikol Central: ka-
        • Bisayan/Visayan
  • Western Indonesian
  • Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
    • Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
      • Proto-Oceanic:
        • Micronesian
          • Central Micronesian

Further reading