Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat
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This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Sino-Tibetan
Etymology
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *b-r-gyat = *(b-)g-ryat (Matisoff, STEDT); *b-rgyat (Benedict, 1972); *b-r-gyat (LaPolla, 1987).
This is a doubly prefixed root, justified mainly by Written Tibetan, Jingpho and Rgyalrong forms. As expected, this root was particularly prone to metathesis and preemption. The Chinese form, for example, shows preemption of the rest of the initial cluster by the labial prefix, resulting in a *pr- > p- initial. It appears that the root for "hundred" (*b-r-gja) was influenced by "eight", despite the fact that these two numerals are not neighbours in linear order.
Numeral
| Proto-Sino-Tibetan numerals | |
|---|---|
| ONE | *ʔit *kat *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik |
| TWO | *g/s-ni-s |
| THREE | *g-sum |
| FOUR | *b-ləj |
| FIVE | *l/b-ŋa |
| SIX | *d-k-ruk |
| SEVEN | *s-ni-s |
| EIGHT | *b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat |
| NINE | *d/s-kəw |
| TEN | *gip *ts(j)i(j) ~ tsjaj |
| TWENTY | *m-kul |
| HUNDRED | *b-r-gja |
| THOUSAND | *s-tawŋ |
*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat
Descendants
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→ Japanese: 八 (はち, hachi)
Korean: 팔 (八, pal)
Vietnamese: bát (八)
- Kamarupan
- North Assam
- Tani
- Deng
- Kuki-Chin:
- /*riat/ ("eight")
- Peripheral Chin
- Northern Chin
- Southern Plains Chin
- Central Chin
- Lushai (Mizo): /riat/
- Maraic
- "Old Kuki"
- "Naga"
- Northern Naga
- Central Naga (Ao Group)
- Ao (Mongsen): /tsʰət/
- Angami-Pochuri Group
- Zeme Group
- Tangkhulic:
- /*ʃɐt/ ("eight")
- Meithei
- Mikir
- Mru
- Bodo-Garo = Barish
- Chairel
- North Assam
- Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
- Newar
- Mahakiranti
- Kham-Magar-Chepang-Sunwar
- Kiranti
- Eastern Kiranti = Rai
- Western Kiranti
- Bahing: /ja/
- Dumi: /ri/
- Thulung: /let/, /jet/
- Tangut-Qiang
- Jingpho-Asakian
- Jingpho
- Jingpho : matsat (“eight”)
- Nungic
- Anong: /əʃat/
- Asakian
- Jingpho
- Tujia
- Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Proto-Karen: *khrɔtᴰ ~ grɔtᴰ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
- Bai
See also
- *b-r-gja (“hundred”)