Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ь

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-is, from Proto-Indo-European *-is. Cognate with Lithuanian -is, Old Prussian -is.

Suffix

*-ь f Forms nouns:

  1. From adjectives
    Synonyms: *-ina, *-ota, *-yni
    *glǫbь ← *glǫbъ (“deep”)
    *golь ← *golъ (“naked, nude, bare; bald”)
    *bělь ← *bělъ (“white”)
    *glušь ← *gluxъ (“deaf”)
    *moldь ← *moldъ (“young”)
    *četvьrtь (“quarter”) ← *četvьrtъ (“fourth”)
  2. From participles
    Synonyms: *-ina, *-ica, *-ъka, *-ъkъ, *-ьcь
    *kopanь ← *kopanъ ← *kopati (“to dig”)
    *oranь ← *oranъ ← *orati (“to plow/plough”)
    *dьranь ← *dьranъ ← *dьrati (“to tear, flay”)
    *opuxlь ← *opuxlъ ← *opuxnǫti
    *orsědlь ← *orsědlъ ← *orsěsti
  3. From verbs
    Synonym: *-ъ
    *obuvь (“footwear”) ← **obovь ← *obuti (“to put on footwear”)
    *blędь ← *blęsti (pres. *blędǫ)
    *gręzь ← *gręzti (pres. *gręzǫ)
    *rěčь ← *reťi (“to say”) (pres. *rekǫ)
    *mazь ← *mazati (“to smear”) (pres. *mažǫ)

Declension

Declension of *-ь (i-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-ь *-i *-i
genitive *-i *-ьju, *-ju* *-ьjь, *-i*
dative *-i *-ьma *-ьmъ
accusative *-ь *-i *-i
instrumental *-ьjǫ, *-jǫ* *-ьma *-ьmi
locative *-i *-ьju, *-ju* *-ьxъ
vocative *-i *-i *-i
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ь

Descendants

In many descendants this suffix became inseparable, see also derived terms.

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: -ь (-ĭ)
      • Old Ruthenian: -ь (-ʹ)
        • Belarusian: -ь (-ʹ)
        • Ukrainian: -ь (-ʹ)
      • Russian: -ь (-ʹ)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: -ь (-ĭ)

Further reading

  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*glǫbь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 144
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*golь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 16
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*bělь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 84
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1979), “*glušь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 6 (*e – *golva), Moscow: Nauka, page 154
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*moldь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 19 (*męs⁽'⁾arь – *morzakъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 179
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopanь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 16
  • Trubachyov, O., Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*oranь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 104
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dьranь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 217
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2002), “*obpuxlь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 29 (*obpovědati – *obsojьnica), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 34
  • Zhuravlyov, A. F., editor (2008), “*orzsědlь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 34 (*orzmajь – *orzstegajь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 249
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (2003), “*obuvь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 30 (*obsojьnikъ – *obvedьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 252
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1975), “*blędь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 2 (*bez – *bratrъ), Moscow: Nauka, page 114
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gręzь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 125
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*mazь”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 18 (*matoga – *mękyšьka), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 34
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