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The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:
This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)
The vowel of -is is likely cognate with the Latin perfect, as in amavit "s/he had loved", and the corresponding past infinitive amavisse.
Suffix
-is
ending of past tense in verbs, e.g. amito love, ŝi amisshe loved.
-er; a suffix used to form nouns and proper nouns from place names, common nouns and adjectives; gives a familiar nuance to the original word; the original word is often truncated in the process.
Inherited from Latin-iō → *-īō, -is → *-īs (sense 1–2); Latin-īvī, and -īvisti (sense 3–4). In the case of regular -ir verbs (like finir), the first singular present suffix was inherited from Old French-is, from Vulgar Latin *-īscō (cf. -iss-), while other first singular suffixes (also when added to irregular -ir verbs) are added erroneously.
Instances of this suffix are usually found in loanwords borrowed from Indonesian that have a more commonly used English-derived alternative. One example of this is the Malay term for pragmatic which can be expressed with the Indonesian-derived pragmatis that exists alongside the English-derived pragmatik.
When combined the stress is always on the first syllable.
Suffix
-isc or n
(colloquial, particularly common in the Stockholm area) Suffix that gives a familiar, and to some extent a diminutive nuance, when combined with a word; common with both nouns and adjectives; commonly used for place names, institutions and persons in their professional role: Medis, frälsis, dagis, vaktis; compare English -y, -ie.
Är du sotis över att hon träffar sina killkompisar på krogen?
Are you jealous that she's seeing her male friends at the pub?
Hämta vaktisen. Någon hade just sönder en fönsterruta.
Get the janitor. Someone just broke a window.
(colloquial) Similar to 1 in ad hoc combinations: pankis, sötis, snuskis; compare -ie.
Kan vi äta pankisar med sylt och visgrädde idag?
Can we eat pancakes with jam and whipped cream today?
Du får inte hoppa över kontroller på orienteringen, din fuskis!
You can't skip orienteering controls, you cheater ("cheatie")!
Usage notes
Nouns ending in -is take either common (en) or neuter (ett) gender, often depending on the original word: ett daghem > ett dagis, en loppmarknad > en loppis, en vaktmästare > en vaktis.