From Proto-Indo-European *-yōs.
*-jьjь
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *-jьjь | *-jьši | *-je |
genitive | *-jьša | *-jьšę̇ | *-jьša |
dative | *-jьšu | *-jьši | *-jьšu |
accusative | *-jьšь | *-jьšǫ | *-je |
instrumental | *-jьšemь | *-jьšejǫ | *-jьšemь |
locative | *-jьši | *-jьši | *-jьši |
vocative | *-jьšu | *-jьše | *-jьše |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *-jьša | *-jьši | *-jьši |
genitive | *-jьšu | *-jьšu | *-jьšu |
dative | *-jьšema | *-jьšama | *-jьšema |
accusative | *-jьša | *-jьši | *-jьši |
instrumental | *-jьšema | *-jьšama | *-jьšema |
locative | *-jьšu | *-jьšu | *-jьšu |
vocative | *-jьša | *-jьši | *-jьši |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *-jьše | *-jьšę̇ | *-jьša |
genitive | *-jьšь | *-jьšь | *-jьšь |
dative | *-jьšemъ | *-jьšamъ | *-jьšemъ |
accusative | *-jьšę̇ | *-jьšę̇ | *-jьša |
instrumental | *-jьši | *-jьšami | *-jьši |
locative | *-jьšixъ | *-jьšaxъ | *-jьšixъ |
vocative | *-jьši | *-jьšę̇ | *-jьša |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | *-jьjь | *-jьšija | *-jьšeje |
genitive | *-jьšajego | *-jьšę̇ję̇ | *-jьšajego |
dative | *-jьšujemu | *-jьšiji | *-jьšujemu |
accusative | *-jьšьjь | *-jьšǫjǫ | *-jьšeje |
instrumental | *-jьšijimь | *-jьšǫjǫ | *-jьšijimь |
locative | *-jьšijemь | *-jьšiji | *-jьšijemь |
vocative | *-jьšьjь | *-jьšaja | *-jьšeje |
dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *-jьšaja | *-jьšiji | *-jьšiji |
genitive | *-jьšuju | *-jьšuju | *-jьšuju |
dative | *-jьšijima | *-jьšijima | *-jьšijima |
accusative | *-jьšaja | *-jьšiji | *-jьšiji |
instrumental | *-jьšijima | *-jьšijima | *-jьšijima |
locative | *-jьšuju | *-jьšuju | *-jьšuju |
vocative | *-jьšaja | *-jьšiji | *-jьšiji |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
nominative | *-jьšeji | *-jьšę̇ję̇ | *-jьšaja |
genitive | *-jьšьjixъ | *-jьšьjixъ | *-jьšьjixъ |
dative | *-jьšijimъ | *-jьšijimъ | *-jьšijimъ |
accusative | *-jьšę̇ję̇ | *-jьšę̇ję̇ | *-jьšaja |
instrumental | *-jьšijimi | *-jьšijimi | *-jьšijimi |
locative | *-jьšijixъ | *-jьšijixъ | *-jьšijixъ |
vocative | *-jьšiji | *-jьšę̇ję̇ | *-jьšaja |
The descendants ending with -e descend from the neuter -je and mostly developed an adverbial meaning, while the descendants ending with -ši/-šy/-šyj descend from the definite forms (where the masculine nominative -jьjь got replaced with the accusative -jьšьjь)