Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dobrъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dabras, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂obʰ-ro-s, from *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to fashion, fit”).[1] The related Latin faber (“craftsman; smith”) suggests Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-ro-s.
Cognate with Latvian dabravecis (“brave, prudent man”).
Adjective
*dòbrъ (comparative *lučьjь or *uňьjь or *lěpьjь)[1][2][3][4][5]
- good, right (suitable, appropriate, proper, adequate, relevant)
- Antonym: *zъlъ
- (of people) fit, suitable
- (of people) good (hard-working; conscientious, dutiful, scrupulous, fluent, proficient)
- (of people) healthy
- Synonym: *sъdòrvъ
- *dòbro sъdòrvьje ― wellness, well-being
- (of time) good (proper, appropriate; advantageous)
- *dòbrъ čàsъ ― proper, appropriate, right time
- *dòbrъ čàsъ ― happy, auspicious time
- (of medicine) good (proper, effective)
- (of items) good (having a high quality; not damaged, not worn)
- (of soil, land) fertile
- Synonym: (North Slavic) *žiznъ
- *dòbra zemľà ― fertile soil
- (of animals) efficient, fully operational
- *dòbrъ kòňь ― efficient, fast, strong horse
- (of food) good (tasty)
- *dòbra vodà ― tasty (fresh?) water
- (West and South Slavic) *dòbro ědlo ― good food
- good (beneficial)
- *dòbrъ uroďajь ― abundant, rich harvest
- presaging, heralding good fortune, prosperity, success, happiness
- *dòbro ùtro ― good morning
- *dòbrъ dь̏nь ― good day
- *dòbra nòťь ― good night
- (of measurements) significant, considerable, largish
- *dòbra starostь ― advanced, old age
- (figuratively) good (kind, friendly, welcoming)
- *dòbra my̑slь ― optimism, cheerfulness
- *dòbra my̑slь ― noble intention
- *dòbro sь̑rdьce ― kindness
- *dòbra voľà ― good will
- *dòbra voľà ― free will
- (figuratively) good (moral, ethical)
- *dòbrъ čelověkъ ― good man
Declension
Accent paradigm b.
Indefinite declension of *dobrъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dobrъ | *dobra | *dobro |
| genitive | *dobra | *dobry | *dobra |
| dative | *dobru | *dobrě | *dobru |
| accusative | *dobrъ | *dobrǫ | *dobro |
| instrumental | *dobromь | *dobrojǫ | *dobromь |
| locative | *dobrě | *dobrě | *dobrě |
| vocative | *dobre | *dobro | *dobro |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *dobra | *dobrě | *dobrě |
| genitive | *dobru | *dobru | *dobru |
| dative | *dobroma | *dobrama | *dobroma |
| accusative | *dobra | *dobrě | *dobrě |
| instrumental | *dobroma | *dobrama | *dobroma |
| locative | *dobru | *dobru | *dobru |
| vocative | *dobra | *dobrě | *dobrě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *dobri | *dobry | *dobra |
| genitive | *dobrъ | *dobrъ | *dobrъ |
| dative | *dobromъ | *dobramъ | *dobromъ |
| accusative | *dobry | *dobry | *dobra |
| instrumental | *dobry | *dobrami | *dobry |
| locative | *dobrěxъ | *dobraxъ | *dobrěxъ |
| vocative | *dobri | *dobry | *dobra |
Definite declension of *dobrъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *dobrъjь | *dobraja | *dobroje |
| genitive | *dobrajego | *dobryję̇ | *dobrajego |
| dative | *dobrujemu | *dobrěji | *dobrujemu |
| accusative | *dobrъjь | *dobrǫjǫ | *dobroje |
| instrumental | *dobryjimь | *dobrǫjǫ | *dobryjimь |
| locative | *dobrějemь | *dobrěji | *dobrějemь |
| vocative | *dobrъjь | *dobraja | *dobroje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *dobraja | *dobrěji | *dobrěji |
| genitive | *dobruju | *dobruju | *dobruju |
| dative | *dobryjima | *dobryjima | *dobryjima |
| accusative | *dobraja | *dobrěji | *dobrěji |
| instrumental | *dobryjima | *dobryjima | *dobryjima |
| locative | *dobruju | *dobruju | *dobruju |
| vocative | *dobraja | *dobrěji | *dobrěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *dobriji | *dobryję̇ | *dobraja |
| genitive | *dobrъjixъ | *dobrъjixъ | *dobrъjixъ |
| dative | *dobryjimъ | *dobryjimъ | *dobryjimъ |
| accusative | *dobryję̇ | *dobryję̇ | *dobraja |
| instrumental | *dobryjimi | *dobryjimi | *dobryjimi |
| locative | *dobryjixъ | *dobryjixъ | *dobryjixъ |
| vocative | *dobriji | *dobryję̇ | *dobraja |
Derived terms
(nouns):
(verbs):
- *dobrěti impf
- *dobriti impf
- *dobrovati impf
- *odobriti pf
- *podobriti pf
(adjectives):
(adverbs):
(proper nouns):
Related terms
(nouns):
(adjectives):
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dobrъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 110: “adj. o ‘good’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “dobrъ dobra dobro”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 123; (PR 135); PR 136)”
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dobrъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 45
- ^ Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1979), “dobrъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 3 (davьnъ – dobirati sę), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 310
- ^ Klotz, Emanuel (2017) “*da̱bru”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 86
Further reading
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “dobry”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 115
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “dobry”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), volume 278
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “dobry”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego, page 151
- Vasmer, Max (1964) “до́брый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – Д), Moscow: Progress, pages 520-521
- Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “до́брий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
- Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “до́бры”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “добъ́р”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 402
- Skok, Petar (1971) “dobar”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika [Etymological Dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian Language] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 420
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “dọ́ber”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
- Jiří Rejzek (2007) “dobrý”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda, page 140
- Václav Machek (1968) “dobrý”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 122
- Králik, Ľubor (2016) “dobrý”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 128
- Schuster-Šewc, Heinz (1978) “dobry”, in Historisch-etymologisches Wörterbuch der ober- und niedersorbischen Sprache [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Upper and Lower Sorbian Language] (in German), numbers 3 (čurać – ewangelski), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, →ISBN, page 156
- Havlová, Eva, editor (1992), “dobrъ”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského [Etymological Dictionary of the Old Church Slavonic Language] (in Czech), numbers 3 (dělo – gospodь), Prague: Academia, →ISBN, page 137
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Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Lehr-Spławiński, T., Polański, K. (1962) “dübrĕ”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich [Etymological Dictionary of the Polabian Drevani Language] (in Polish), number 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 129