Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dobrъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dabras, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂obʰ-ro-s, from *dʰh₂ebʰ- (“to fashion, fit”). The related Latin faber (“craftsman; smith”) (see there for more cognates) suggests Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₂ebʰ-ro-s.

Cognate with Latvian dabravecis (“brave, prudent man”).

*dòbrъ (comparative *lučьjь or *uňьjь or *lěpьjь)

1. good, right (suitable, appropriate, proper, adequate, relevant)

   Antonym: *zъlъ

2. (of people) fit, suitable
3. (of people) good (hard-working; conscientious, dutiful, scrupulous, fluent, proficient)
4. (of people) healthy

   Synonym: *sъdòrvъ

   *dòbro sъdòrvьje ― wellness, well-being

5. (of time) good (proper, appropriate; advantageous)

   *dòbrъ čàsъ ― proper, appropriate, right time

   *dòbrъ čàsъ ― happy, auspicious time

6. (of medicine) good (proper, effective)
7. (of items) good (having a high quality; not damaged, not worn)
8. (of soil, land) fertile

   Synonym: (North Slavic) *žiznъ

   *dòbra zemľà ― fertile soil

9. (of animals) efficient, fully operational

   *dòbrъ kòňь ― efficient, fast, strong horse

10. (of food) good (tasty)

    *dòbra vodà ― tasty (fresh?) water

    (West and South Slavic) *dòbro ědlo ― good food

11. good (beneficial)

    *dòbrъ uroďajь ― abundant, rich harvest

12. presaging, heralding good fortune, prosperity, success, happiness

    *dòbro ùtro ― good morning

    *dòbrъ dь̏nь ― good day

    *dòbra nòťь ― good night

13. (of measurements) significant, considerable, largish

    *dòbra starostь ― advanced, old age

14. (figuratively) good (kind, friendly, welcoming)

    *dòbra my̑slь ― optimism, cheerfulness

    *dòbra my̑slь ― noble intention

    *dòbro sь̑rdьce ― kindness

    *dòbra voľà ― good will

    *dòbra voľà ― free will

15. (figuratively) good (moral, ethical)

    *dòbrъ čelověkъ ― good man

Accent paradigm b.

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: добръ (dobrŭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: добрый (dobryj)
      • Belarusian: до́бры (dóbry)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: до́брый (dóbrŷj)
      • Ukrainian: до́брий (dóbryj)
    • Russian: до́брый (dóbryj)
      • Russenorsk: daabra, dobra
      • Solombala English: добра (dobra)
  • Old Novgorodian: добре (dobre)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Old Cyrillic script: добръ (dobrŭ)

    Glagolitic script: ⰴⱁⰱⱃⱏ (dobrŭ)

    • Bulgarian: добъ́р (dobǎ́r)
    • Macedonian: до́бар (dóbar)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: до̏бар

    Latin script: dȍbar

    • Kajkavian Serbo-Croatian: dȍber
    • Slavomolisano: dobar
  • Slovene: dọ́bər (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: dobrý
    • Czech: dobrý
  • Old Polish: dobry
    • Polish: dobry
    • Silesian: dobry
  • Old Slovak: dobrý
    • Pannonian Rusyn: добри (dobri)
    • Slovak: dobrý
  • Polabian: dübrĕ
  • Pomeranian
    • Kashubian: dobri
    • Slovincian: dôbry
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: dobry
    • Upper Sorbian: dobry

• Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “dobry”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 115
• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “dobry”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 278
• Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “dobry”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego, page 151
• Vasmer, Max (1964) “до́брый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), volumes 1 (А – Д), Moscow: Progress, pages 520-521
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “до́брий”, in Етимологічний словник української мови (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “до́бры”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “добъ́р”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 402
• Skok, Petar (1971) “dobar”, in Etimologijski rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (A – J), Zagreb: JAZU, page 420
• Snoj, Marko (2016) “dọ́ber”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
• Jiří Rejzek (2007) “dobrý”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda, page 140

• Václav Machek (1968) “dobrý”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého , 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 122
• Králik, Ľubor (2016) “dobrý”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 128
• Schuster-Šewc, Heinz (1978) “dobry”, in Historisch-etymologisches Wörterbuch der ober- und niedersorbischen Sprache (in German), numbers 3 (čurać – ewangelski), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, →ISBN, page 156
• Havlová, Eva, editor (1992), “dobrъ”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka staroslověnského (in Czech), numbers 3 (dělo – gospodь), Prague: Academia, →ISBN, page 137
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  Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Lehr-Spławiński, T., Polański, K. (1962) “dübrĕ”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka Drzewian połabskich (in Polish), number 1 (A – ďüzd), Wrocław, Warszawa etc.: Ossolineum, page 129