Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/děti
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁ti, from *dʰeh₁- (“do; put”).
Verb
*děti impf (perfective *děnǫti or *děvati)
- (transitive) to do
- (ditransitive) to put, to place
- (transitive) to thread, to hitch, to process
- (reflexive) to happen
Alternative forms
Conjugation
Conjugation of *děti, *dě, *deďetь (perf., -unknown-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dětьje | *děti | *dětъ | *dělъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *dětъ | — |
| Active | *děvъ | — |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *děxъ | *dě | *dě | *deďǫ | *deďeši | *deďetь |
| Dual | *děxově | *děsta | *děste | *deďevě | *deďeta | *deďete |
| Plural | *děxomъ | *děste | *děšę | *deďemъ | *deďete | *deďǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | — | — | — | — | *deďi | *deďi |
| Dual | — | — | — | *deďivě | *deďita | — |
| Plural | — | — | — | *deďimъ | *deďite | — |
- Notes:
- In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Conjugation of *děti, *dě, *děnetь (perf., -V/n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dětьje | *děti | *dětъ | *dělъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *dětъ | — |
| Active | *děvъ | — |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *děxъ | *dě | *dě | *děnǫ | *děneši | *děnetь |
| Dual | *děxově | *děsta | *děste | *děnevě | *děneta | *děnete |
| Plural | *děxomъ | *děste | *děšę | *děnemъ | *děnete | *děnǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | — | — | — | — | *děni | *děni |
| Dual | — | — | — | *děněvě | *děněta | — |
| Plural | — | — | — | *děněmъ | *děněte | — |
- Notes:
- In perfective verbs, present expresses future
Conjugation of *děti, *dě, *dějetь (?, -V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
|---|---|---|---|
| *dětьje | *děti | *dětъ | *dělъ |
| Participles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Tense | Past | Present |
| Passive | *dětъ | *dějemъ |
| Active | *děvъ | *děję |
| Aorist | Present | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *děxъ | *dě | *dě | *dějǫ | *děješi | *dějetь |
| Dual | *děxově | *děsta | *děste | *dějevě | *dějeta | *dějete |
| Plural | *děxomъ | *děste | *děšę | *dějemъ | *dějete | *dějǫtь |
| Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
| Singular | *děaxъ | *děaše | *děaše | — | *ději | *ději |
| Dual | *děaxově | *děašeta | *děašete | *dějivě | *dějita | — |
| Plural | *děaxomъ | *děašete | *děaxǫ | *dějimъ | *dějite | — |
Derived terms
- *dějьcь (“activist”)
- *bolgodějьcь (“benefactor”)
- *dějь(inъ) (“agent, doer”)
- *dějьstvo, *dějьstvьje (“action”)
- *dějьstvati, *dějьstvovati (“to take action”)
- *děkati (“to urge, to make (s.o.) to do”), *děkovati (“to joke around”)
- *dělo (“act, work”)
- *dělati (“to do, to hack”)
- *dětь (“deed”)
- *jьzdě(ja)ti
- *nadě(ja)ti
- *odě(ja)ti
- *perdě(ja)ti (“to find a way to do”)
- *podě(ja)ti (“to go away”)
- *sъpodě(ja)ti (“to anticipate”)
- *podъdě(ja)ti (“to undertake”)
- *sъdě(ja)ti
- *zadě(ja)ti
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “деть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “-детый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1977), “*dě(ja)ti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 4 (*čaběniti – *děľa), Moscow: Nauka, page 229
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*děnь/*děnьje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 12
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дея”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 351
- Anikin, A. E. (2019) “деть”, in Русский этимологический словарь (in Russian), issue 13 (два – дигло), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 302
- Anikin, A. E. (2019) “-дет”, in Русский этимологический словарь (in Russian), issue 13 (два – дигло), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 286
- Anikin, A. E. (2019) “деница”, in Русский этимологический словарь (in Russian), issue 13 (два – дигло), Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →ISBN, page 200
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*děti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104: “v. ‘do, say’”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “dẹti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *dě̋ti, sed. *dě̋nǫ (star. *ded'ǫ)”
Etymology 2
See *dětь.
Noun
Usage notes
May have functioned as a plurale tantum in Proto-Slavic, with the singular handled by *dětę.
Declension
| plural | |
|---|---|
| nominative | *dě̑ti |
| genitive | *dětь̀jь |
| dative | *dě̑tьmъ |
| accusative | *dě̑ti |
| instrumental | *dětьmì |
| locative | *dě̑tьxъ |
| vocative | *dě̑ti |
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*děti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 14
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*děti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 104: “Npl. f. ‘children’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “děti”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “f.pl.tant. c children (PR 138)”