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Proto-Slavic
Alternative reconstructions
Etymology
Probably from Proto-Indo-European *kwep- ~ *kʷap- (“to boil, to steam, to stink”), related to Latin cupiō (“to desire”) and Lithuanian kvapas (“aroma”). Possibly akin to Ancient Greek καπνός (kapnós, “smoke”), Latin vapor. Schrijver reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *kʷh₂wep- in order to explain the broken tone in Lithuanian kûpt (“to smoke, to steam”), which according to Derksen could alternatively be a result of the sta-present conjugation.
Trubachev reconstructs *kopьněti as if from *kopьna (“heap, pile”) + *-ěti, which is semantically dubious. The later is akin to Proto-Slavic *kopati (“to dig”).
Verb
*kopněti impf
- to melt in parts (not homogeneously)
- Synonyms: *tajati, *topiti
- (figuratively) to yearn, to long for
Conjugation
Conjugation of
*kopněti, *kopně, *kopnějetь (
impf.,
-ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *kopněnьje
|
*kopněti
|
*kopnětъ
|
*kopnělъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*kopněnъ
|
*kopnějemъ
|
| Active
|
*kopněvъ
|
*kopněję
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*kopněxъ |
*kopně |
*kopně
|
*kopnějǫ |
*kopněješi |
*kopnějetь
|
| Dual
|
*kopněxově |
*kopněsta |
*kopněste
|
*kopnějevě |
*kopnějeta |
*kopnějete
|
| Plural
|
*kopněxomъ |
*kopněste |
*kopněšę
|
*kopnějemъ |
*kopnějete |
*kopnějǫtь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*kopněaxъ |
*kopněaše |
*kopněaše
|
— |
*kopněji |
*kopněji
|
| Dual
|
*kopněaxově |
*kopněašeta |
*kopněašete
|
*kopnějivě |
*kopnějita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*kopněaxomъ |
*kopněašete |
*kopněaxǫ
|
*kopnějimъ |
*kopnějite |
—
|
Conjugation of
*kopněti, *kopně, *kopnitь (
impf.,
-ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
| Verbal noun
|
Infinitive
|
Supine
|
L-participle
|
| *kopněnьje
|
*kopněti
|
*kopnětъ
|
*kopnělъ
|
|
|
Participles
|
| Tense
|
Past
|
Present
|
| Passive
|
*kopněnъ
|
*kopnimъ
|
| Active
|
*kopněvъ
|
*kopnę
|
|
|
Aorist
|
Present
|
| Person
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*kopněxъ |
*kopně |
*kopně
|
*kopňǫ |
*kopniši |
*kopnitь
|
| Dual
|
*kopněxově |
*kopněsta |
*kopněste
|
*kopnivě |
*kopnita |
*kopnite
|
| Plural
|
*kopněxomъ |
*kopněste |
*kopněšę
|
*kopnimъ |
*kopnite |
*kopnętь
|
|
|
Imperfect
|
Imperative
|
| Person
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
1st |
2nd |
3rd
|
| Singular
|
*kopněaxъ |
*kopněaše |
*kopněaše
|
— |
*kopni |
*kopni
|
| Dual
|
*kopněaxově |
*kopněašeta |
*kopněašete
|
*kopnivě |
*kopnita |
—
|
| Plural
|
*kopněaxomъ |
*kopněašete |
*kopněaxǫ
|
*kopnimъ |
*kopnite |
—
|
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kopьněti/*kopьniti (sę)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 44
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “копнея”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 618
- Snoj, Marko (2016) “kopneti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
- Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kopъtъ, *kopъtь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 233
References
