Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krǫtъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably from Proto-Balto-Slavic *krantás (“sheer, precipitous”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend, to crook”) + *-ǫtъ. Substantivized as Lithuanian krañtas (“bank, shore”), dial. Latvian krañts (“edge, bank”) within Baltic (cf. derivative Old East Slavic крꙋча (kruča, “steep, precipice”) < *krǫťa).
Adjective
Declension
Indefinite declension of *krǫtъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *krǫtъ | *krǫta | *krǫto |
| genitive | *krǫta | *krǫty | *krǫta |
| dative | *krǫtu | *krǫtě | *krǫtu |
| accusative | *krǫtъ | *krǫtǫ | *krǫto |
| instrumental | *krǫtomь | *krǫtojǫ | *krǫtomь |
| locative | *krǫtě | *krǫtě | *krǫtě |
| vocative | *krǫte | *krǫto | *krǫto |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krǫta | *krǫtě | *krǫtě |
| genitive | *krǫtu | *krǫtu | *krǫtu |
| dative | *krǫtoma | *krǫtama | *krǫtoma |
| accusative | *krǫta | *krǫtě | *krǫtě |
| instrumental | *krǫtoma | *krǫtama | *krǫtoma |
| locative | *krǫtu | *krǫtu | *krǫtu |
| vocative | *krǫta | *krǫtě | *krǫtě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krǫti | *krǫty | *krǫta |
| genitive | *krǫtъ | *krǫtъ | *krǫtъ |
| dative | *krǫtomъ | *krǫtamъ | *krǫtomъ |
| accusative | *krǫty | *krǫty | *krǫta |
| instrumental | *krǫty | *krǫtami | *krǫty |
| locative | *krǫtěxъ | *krǫtaxъ | *krǫtěxъ |
| vocative | *krǫti | *krǫty | *krǫta |
Definite declension of *krǫtъ (hard, accent paradigm c)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *krǫtъjь | *krǫtaja | *krǫtoje |
| genitive | *krǫtajego | *krǫtyję̇ | *krǫtajego |
| dative | *krǫtujemu | *krǫtěji | *krǫtujemu |
| accusative | *krǫtъjь | *krǫtǫjǫ | *krǫtoje |
| instrumental | *krǫtyjimь | *krǫtǫjǫ | *krǫtyjimь |
| locative | *krǫtějemь | *krǫtěji | *krǫtějemь |
| vocative | *krǫtъjь | *krǫtaja | *krǫtoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krǫtaja | *krǫtěji | *krǫtěji |
| genitive | *krǫtuju | *krǫtuju | *krǫtuju |
| dative | *krǫtyjima | *krǫtyjima | *krǫtyjima |
| accusative | *krǫtaja | *krǫtěji | *krǫtěji |
| instrumental | *krǫtyjima | *krǫtyjima | *krǫtyjima |
| locative | *krǫtuju | *krǫtuju | *krǫtuju |
| vocative | *krǫtaja | *krǫtěji | *krǫtěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krǫtiji | *krǫtyję̇ | *krǫtaja |
| genitive | *krǫtъjixъ | *krǫtъjixъ | *krǫtъjixъ |
| dative | *krǫtyjimъ | *krǫtyjimъ | *krǫtyjimъ |
| accusative | *krǫtyję̇ | *krǫtyję̇ | *krǫtaja |
| instrumental | *krǫtyjimi | *krǫtyjimi | *krǫtyjimi |
| locative | *krǫtyjixъ | *krǫtyjixъ | *krǫtyjixъ |
| vocative | *krǫtiji | *krǫtyję̇ | *krǫtaja |
Derived terms
- *krǫtiti (“to turn, to twist”), *krǫtati (“to kink, to crook; to harshen”)
- *krǫtina, *krǫtizna, *krǫtostь (abstract nouns)
- *krǫťa (“cliff, steep”) (in East Slavic)
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “круто́й”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*krǫtъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 33
- The template Template:R:be:ESBM does not use the parameter(s):
url=kruty
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Martynaŭ, V. U., editor (1989), “круты́”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), volumes 5 (ка́яць – ліпя́нка), Minsk: Navuka i technika - Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “крут”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 29
- “krantas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*krǫ̑tъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 252: “adj. o (c)”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “krǫtъ krǫta krǫto”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c stejl, voldsom (SA 109, 188; PR 138)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “krut”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *krǫ̑tъ”
- ^ The template Template:R:zle-obe:HSBM does not use the parameter(s):
url=krutyj
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Bulyka, A. M., editor (1997), “крутый”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), numbers 16 (коржъ – лесничанка), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 186