Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/krǫpъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Per Brückner and Sławski (accepted by Trubačev /ESSJa/), a doublet of *krupъ. Derksen distinguishes the two lemmas, but accepts that they have intermingled at later time.
Further origin probably from the root of Proto-Balto-Slavic *krúptei (“to contract, to crumple?”), whence Lithuanian krùpti (“to get scabby”), Latvian krupt (“to frawn”), with inchoatic nasal infix. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krewp-, an extension of *(s)ker- (“to bend, to crook”). Akin to Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby”).
Adjective
*krǫpъ[1]
Alternative forms
Declension
Indefinite declension of *krǫpъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *krǫpъ | *krǫpa | *krǫpo |
| genitive | *krǫpa | *krǫpy | *krǫpa |
| dative | *krǫpu | *krǫpě | *krǫpu |
| accusative | *krǫpъ | *krǫpǫ | *krǫpo |
| instrumental | *krǫpomь | *krǫpojǫ | *krǫpomь |
| locative | *krǫpě | *krǫpě | *krǫpě |
| vocative | *krǫpe | *krǫpo | *krǫpo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krǫpa | *krǫpě | *krǫpě |
| genitive | *krǫpu | *krǫpu | *krǫpu |
| dative | *krǫpoma | *krǫpama | *krǫpoma |
| accusative | *krǫpa | *krǫpě | *krǫpě |
| instrumental | *krǫpoma | *krǫpama | *krǫpoma |
| locative | *krǫpu | *krǫpu | *krǫpu |
| vocative | *krǫpa | *krǫpě | *krǫpě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krǫpi | *krǫpy | *krǫpa |
| genitive | *krǫpъ | *krǫpъ | *krǫpъ |
| dative | *krǫpomъ | *krǫpamъ | *krǫpomъ |
| accusative | *krǫpy | *krǫpy | *krǫpa |
| instrumental | *krǫpy | *krǫpami | *krǫpy |
| locative | *krǫpěxъ | *krǫpaxъ | *krǫpěxъ |
| vocative | *krǫpi | *krǫpy | *krǫpa |
Definite declension of *krǫpъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *krǫpъjь | *krǫpaja | *krǫpoje |
| genitive | *krǫpajego | *krǫpyję̇ | *krǫpajego |
| dative | *krǫpujemu | *krǫpěji | *krǫpujemu |
| accusative | *krǫpъjь | *krǫpǫjǫ | *krǫpoje |
| instrumental | *krǫpyjimь | *krǫpǫjǫ | *krǫpyjimь |
| locative | *krǫpějemь | *krǫpěji | *krǫpějemь |
| vocative | *krǫpъjь | *krǫpaja | *krǫpoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krǫpaja | *krǫpěji | *krǫpěji |
| genitive | *krǫpuju | *krǫpuju | *krǫpuju |
| dative | *krǫpyjima | *krǫpyjima | *krǫpyjima |
| accusative | *krǫpaja | *krǫpěji | *krǫpěji |
| instrumental | *krǫpyjima | *krǫpyjima | *krǫpyjima |
| locative | *krǫpuju | *krǫpuju | *krǫpuju |
| vocative | *krǫpaja | *krǫpěji | *krǫpěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *krǫpiji | *krǫpyję̇ | *krǫpaja |
| genitive | *krǫpъjixъ | *krǫpъjixъ | *krǫpъjixъ |
| dative | *krǫpyjimъ | *krǫpyjimъ | *krǫpyjimъ |
| accusative | *krǫpyję̇ | *krǫpyję̇ | *krǫpaja |
| instrumental | *krǫpyjimi | *krǫpyjimi | *krǫpyjimi |
| locative | *krǫpyjixъ | *krǫpyjixъ | *krǫpyjixъ |
| vocative | *krǫpiji | *krǫpyję̇ | *krǫpaja |
Derived terms
Related terms
- *krupa (“lump; groats”)
- *krъpъkъ (“frigile”)
- *xrǫpъkъ (“crispy, brittle”)
- *kruxъ (“lump, type of bread”) (noun), *kruxъ (“frigile, brittle”) (adjective)
- *krustъ (“clod, chunk”)
- *krǫtъ (“abrupt, steep”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: крꙋпꙑи (krupyi)
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*krǫpъ(jь)/*krupъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 27
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “круп¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 29
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кръп”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 49
- “krupis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*krǫpъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 251: “adj. o ‘short, small’”