Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kľuti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

An archaic form of doublet *kľьvati, reflecting Proto-Balto-Slavic *kljautei, from Proto-Indo-European *klewh₂-. Probably an enlargement of Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, to stab”), whence Proto-Slavic *kolti (“to slaughter”). Cognate with Lithuanian kliū́ti (“to cleave”), Latvian kļūt (“to become”).

*kľuti impf (perfective *kľunǫti)

1. to peck, to prickle
2. to bite

• *kľьvati
• *kľuvati (inflects in the same way as *kľьvati)

Depalatalized variant, reflected in Bulgarian and Macedonian:

Later reanalyzed inflection:

• *kolti (“to stab, to slaugther”)
• *koltiti (“to shake”)
• *klęti (“to curse”)
• *kolъ (“stake”)
• *kъlъ, *kъlykъ (“fang, tusk”)

From *kluti:

• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: кълва́ (kǎlvá)
  • Macedonian: колва (kolva)

From *kľьvati:

• East Slavic:
  • Russian: клева́ть (klevátʹ)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: кльвати (klĭvati)
    • Bulgarian: клю́вам (kljúvam) (dialectal)
  • Slovene: kljeváti (archaic)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: klvati (“to peck”)
    • Czech: klvati (obsolete), klíti (obsolete), klovat (“to peck”), klobat (uncommon), klubat se (“to hatch”)
  • Polish: klwać (dialectal)

From *kľuvati:

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: клюва́ць (kljuvácʹ)
  • Ukrainian: клюва́ти (kljuváty)
• South Slavic:
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: кљу̏вати

    Latin script: kljȕvati

  • Slovene: kljuváti (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: kłuć (only the infinitive reflects *kluti, inflects as *kľuvati); Polish: kluć
  • Slovak: kľuvať
  • Sorbian:

    Upper Sorbian: kluwać

    Lower Sorbian: kluwaś

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “клевать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*klьvati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков (in Russian), numbers 10 (*klepačь – *konь), Moscow: Nauka, page 82
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кълва”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 189