Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/mьrtvъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *mirtwas, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥twós, from *mer-. Latin mortuus is from the exact same word.
Other cognates:
- *mr̥tós > Sanskrit मृत (mṛta, “dead”), मर्त (marta, “mortal, man”), Avestan 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (mərəta, “dead”), Old Armenian մարդ (mard, “man”), Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”)
- *mr̥wós > Old Irish marb (“dead”), Gaulish marw (“dead”)
- *mŕ̥trom > Proto-Germanic *murþrą (“murder”).
Adjective
Inflection
Accent paradigm b.
Indefinite declension of *mьrtvъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *mьrtvъ | *mьrtva | *mьrtvo |
| genitive | *mьrtva | *mьrtvy | *mьrtva |
| dative | *mьrtvu | *mьrtvě | *mьrtvu |
| accusative | *mьrtvъ | *mьrtvǫ | *mьrtvo |
| instrumental | *mьrtvomь | *mьrtvojǫ | *mьrtvomь |
| locative | *mьrtvě | *mьrtvě | *mьrtvě |
| vocative | *mьrtve | *mьrtvo | *mьrtvo |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mьrtva | *mьrtvě | *mьrtvě |
| genitive | *mьrtvu | *mьrtvu | *mьrtvu |
| dative | *mьrtvoma | *mьrtvama | *mьrtvoma |
| accusative | *mьrtva | *mьrtvě | *mьrtvě |
| instrumental | *mьrtvoma | *mьrtvama | *mьrtvoma |
| locative | *mьrtvu | *mьrtvu | *mьrtvu |
| vocative | *mьrtva | *mьrtvě | *mьrtvě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mьrtvi | *mьrtvy | *mьrtva |
| genitive | *mьrtvъ | *mьrtvъ | *mьrtvъ |
| dative | *mьrtvomъ | *mьrtvamъ | *mьrtvomъ |
| accusative | *mьrtvy | *mьrtvy | *mьrtva |
| instrumental | *mьrtvy | *mьrtvami | *mьrtvy |
| locative | *mьrtvěxъ | *mьrtvaxъ | *mьrtvěxъ |
| vocative | *mьrtvi | *mьrtvy | *mьrtva |
Definite declension of *mьrtvъ (hard)
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *mьrtvъjь | *mьrtvaja | *mьrtvoje |
| genitive | *mьrtvajego | *mьrtvyję̇ | *mьrtvajego |
| dative | *mьrtvujemu | *mьrtvěji | *mьrtvujemu |
| accusative | *mьrtvъjь | *mьrtvǫjǫ | *mьrtvoje |
| instrumental | *mьrtvyjimь | *mьrtvǫjǫ | *mьrtvyjimь |
| locative | *mьrtvějemь | *mьrtvěji | *mьrtvějemь |
| vocative | *mьrtvъjь | *mьrtvaja | *mьrtvoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mьrtvaja | *mьrtvěji | *mьrtvěji |
| genitive | *mьrtvuju | *mьrtvuju | *mьrtvuju |
| dative | *mьrtvyjima | *mьrtvyjima | *mьrtvyjima |
| accusative | *mьrtvaja | *mьrtvěji | *mьrtvěji |
| instrumental | *mьrtvyjima | *mьrtvyjima | *mьrtvyjima |
| locative | *mьrtvuju | *mьrtvuju | *mьrtvuju |
| vocative | *mьrtvaja | *mьrtvěji | *mьrtvěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *mьrtviji | *mьrtvyję̇ | *mьrtvaja |
| genitive | *mьrtvъjixъ | *mьrtvъjixъ | *mьrtvъjixъ |
| dative | *mьrtvyjimъ | *mьrtvyjimъ | *mьrtvyjimъ |
| accusative | *mьrtvyję̇ | *mьrtvyję̇ | *mьrtvaja |
| instrumental | *mьrtvyjimi | *mьrtvyjimi | *mьrtvyjimi |
| locative | *mьrtvyjixъ | *mьrtvyjixъ | *mьrtvyjixъ |
| vocative | *mьrtviji | *mьrtvyję̇ | *mьrtvaja |
See also
- *navъ (“dead man”)
Derived terms
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “мертвый”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “мертвый”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 525
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1994), “*mьrtvъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 21 (*mъrskovatъjь – *nadějьnъjь), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 146
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*mь̀rtvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 342: “adj. o (b) ‘dead’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “mьrtvъ mьrtvo mьrtva”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 110; PR 136)”