Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/oko

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 This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Early Proto-Slavic *aka,[1] from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ak-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ekʷ- (“eye; to see”).

Noun

*ȍko n[2]

  1. eye

Inflection

Declension of *ȍko (s-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *ȍko *ȍčesi *očesà
genitive *ȍčese *očesù *očèsъ
dative *ȍčesi *očesьmà *očèsьmъ
accusative *ȍko *ȍčesi *očesà
instrumental *ȍčesьmь *očesьmà *očesý
locative *ȍčese *očesù *očèsьxъ
vocative *ȍko *ȍčesi *očesà
Declension of *ȍko (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *ȍko *ȍcě *okà
genitive *ȍka *okù *òkъ
dative *ȍku *okomà *okòmъ
accusative *ȍko *ȍcě *okà
instrumental *ȍkъmь, *ȍkomь* *okomà *oký
locative *ȍcě *okù *ocě̃xъ
vocative *ȍko *ȍcě *okà
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Declension of *ȍči (i-stem, accent paradigm c)
dual
nominative *ȍči
genitive *očьjù, *oču*
dative *očьmà
accusative *ȍči
instrumental *očьmà
locative *očьjù, *oču*
vocative *ȍči
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

In addition to the above declensions, there were i-stem dual forms. Old Church Slavic has an o-stem singular, i-stem dual, and s-stem plural, while Russian has an o-stem singular, and an i-stem plural derived from the old dual.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Non-Slavic:
    • → Hungarian: Aka (toponym)

Further reading

  • Trubachyov, O., Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*oko”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 41
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “око”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • “akis”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012

References

  1. ^ Klotz, Emanuel (2017) “*aka «oko»”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 57
  2. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*ȍko”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 365
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