Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъďa

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rewdʰ-. Morphologically *rъd- +‎ *-ja.

Noun

*rъďa f

rust

Inflection

Declension of *rъďa (soft a-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rъďa	*rъďi	*rъďę̇
genitive	*rъďę̇	*rъďu	*rъďь
dative	*rъďi	*rъďama	*rъďamъ
accusative	*rъďǫ	*rъďi	*rъďę̇
instrumental	rъďejǫ, rъďǫ^**	*rъďama	*rъďami
locative	*rъďi	*rъďu	rъďasъ, rъďaxъ^*
vocative	*rъďe	*rъďi	*rъďę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

*rъďavъ (“rusty”)
*zarъďь (“rust”)

Related terms

*rudъ (“red; ginger; brown”, adj.)
- *ruda (“ore”)
*rusъ < *rudsъ (adj.)
*ruměnъ < *rudměnъ (adj.)
*rъděti (“to be red; redden”)
*rъdrъ (“red, red-haired”, adj.)
*rъďa (“rust”)
*ryďь (“ginger”, adj.)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ръжа (rŭža)
  - Belarusian: іржа́ (iržá), ржа (rža)
  - Carpathian Rusyn: ржа́ (ržá)
  - Russian: ржа (rža), аржа́ (aržá), иржа́ (iržá)
  - Ukrainian: іржа́ (iržá), ржа (rža)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: ръжда (rŭžda)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱃⱏⰶⰴⰰ (rŭžda)
- Bulgarian: ръжда́ (rǎždá)
- Macedonian: ‘рѓа (‘rǵa)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: рђа, хрђа
  
  Latin: rđa, hrđa
- Slovene: rjȁ, rəjȁ (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: rzě
  - Czech: rez
    - Bohemian (Chod dialect): rez
- Polish: rdza
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: rdza, drdza
- Old Slovak: hrdza, rdza, ridza, zerz, rez
  - Pannonian Rusyn: ардза (ardza)
  - Slovak: hrdza
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: zerz, zra
  - Lower Sorbian: rza

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ржа”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1912) “ръжа”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ ‎ (in Russian), volume 3 (Р – Ꙗ и дополненія), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 203
Šanskij, N. M. (2004) “ржавый”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa