Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/valъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Probably the convergence of two or more cognate terms, at least some of which reflect Proto-Balto-Slavic *wōlás (o-stem) ~ *wōlús (u-stem), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to revolve”). Cognate with Lithuanian võlas (“clump, rolling, large wave”), dial. Latvian vā̀ls, vâls (“descend”).
Some descendants have added/innovated (possibly in the post proto-Slavic period) the meaning “barrage, wall” under the influence of akin Latin vallum, Proto-Germanic *wallą.
Noun
- roll, slump, downturn
- Synonym: *katъ
- (by extension) wave, billow
- (possibly deverbal from *vaľati) roller, cylinder (tool/shape)
- Synonym: *vaľakъ
Declension
Both o- and u-stem paradigms are attested, but it is unclear which meaning comes from which declension type:
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vȃlъ | *vȃla | *vȃli |
| genitive | *vȃla | *valù | *vãlъ |
| dative | *vȃlu | *valomà | *valòmъ |
| accusative | *vȃlъ | *vȃla | *vȃly |
| instrumental | *vȃlъmь, *vȃlomь* | *valomà | *valý |
| locative | *vȃlě | *valù | *valě̃xъ |
| vocative | *vale | *vȃla | *vȃli |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *vȃlъ | *vȃly | *vȃlove |
| genitive | *vȃlu | *valovù | *valòvъ |
| dative | *vȃlovi | *valъmà | *vȃlъmъ |
| accusative | *vȃlъ | *vȃly | *vȃly |
| instrumental | *vȃlъmь | *valъmà | *valъmì |
| locative | *valú | *valovù | *vȃlъxъ |
| vocative | *valu | *vȃly | *vȃlove |
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: val (“wave”)
References
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “valъ valu”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c (NA 127, 137; PR 137); d (RPT 99, 103)”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “val”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *vȃlъ”
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “вал”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “вал¹, вал²”, in Български етимологичен речник (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 113
- “volas”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė , 2007–2012