Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xoldъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Unclear.
- Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gel- (reconstructed by Illich-Svitych as *(s)gel- in order to accommodate the Slavic data), in which case it is cognate with Latin gelidus (“cool, icy”), English cold, Sanskrit जड (jaḍa), but initial *x- is hard to explain.
- Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelH-, in which case it is cognate with Lithuanian šáltas (“cold”), Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬀 (sarəta), Persian سرد (sard), Ossetian салд (sald), but initial *x- is likewise hard to explain.
Noun
Inflection
Declension of *xȏldъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *xȏldъ | *xȏlda | *xȏldi |
| genitive | *xȏlda | *xoldù | *xõldъ |
| dative | *xȏldu | *xoldomà | *xoldòmъ |
| accusative | *xȏldъ | *xȏlda | *xȏldy |
| instrumental | *xȏldъmь, *xȏldomь* | *xoldomà | *xoldý |
| locative | *xȏldě | *xoldù | *xoldě̃xъ |
| vocative | *xolde | *xȏlda | *xȏldi |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
See also
Derived terms
- *xolditi, *xolďati (“to cool”)
- *xolděti, *xoldьněti (“to be cold, to chill”)
- *xoldьnъ (“cold, chilly”)
- *xoldъkъ (“cool”)
- *xoldina, *xoldota/*xoldoťa (“chilliness”)
- *xoldьcь (“coolness”)
Related terms
- *koldędzь, *koldenьcь, *koldьcь (“well”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Bulgarian: хлад (hlad)
- Macedonian: лад (lad)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Slovene: hlȃd (“coolness”) (tonal orthography); dialectal hlad (“shadow”)
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “холод”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xoldъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 57
References
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*xȏldъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 203: “m. o (c) ‘coolness, cold’”
- ^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “hlad”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *xȏldъ”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “xoldъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c kulde (PR 137; RPT 105)”