Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/ēl

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 This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*ēl

  1. realm

Declension

Declension of *ēl
Singular 3)
Nominative *ēl
Accusative *ēlni, *ēlig 4), *ēlnig 1)
Genitive *ēlniŋ
Dative *ēlke
Locative *ēlte
Ablative *ēlten
Allative *ēlgerü
Instrumental 2) *ēlin
Equative 2) *ēlče
Similative 2) *ēlleyü
Comitative 2) *ēlligü
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Usage notes

The senses "people", "international relations", "peace" and others developed from Karakhanid onwards ― they are not attested in Old Turkic and Old Uyghur texts.

Descendants

  • Oghur:
    • Volga Bulgar: يَال (yēl, “tribe, clan”)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: el, (dialectally) il
      • Ottoman Turkish: ایل (il)
    • Turkmen:
      • Cyrillic script: ил (īl)
      • Latin script: īl
  • Karluk:
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak: el
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: ил (il)
      • Tatar:
        • Cyrillic script: ил (il)
        • Latin script: il
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: el
      • Karachay-Balkar: эл (el)
      • Karaim::
        • Cyrillic script: ел
        • Latin script: el
      • Kumyk: эл (el)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Kipchak-Nogai:
        • Karakalpak: el
        • Kazakh: ел (el)
        • Nogai: эл (él)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: эл (el)
        • Southern Altai: эл (el)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐰃𐰠 (é̄l), (Yenisei) 𐰅𐰠 (é̄l)
    • Old Uyghur: (é̄l)
    • South Siberian:
      • Yenissei Turkic:
    • North Siberian:
  • → Proto-Mongolic: *el
    • Classical Mongolian: ᠡᠯ (el)
      • Mongolian: ил (il)
    • Kalmyk: эл (el)

References

  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) “él:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 121
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1974) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Nauka, page 339
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