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1) Originally used only in pronominal declension. 2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages. 3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
Descendants
Oghur:
Volga Bulgar: *حىان(xyān, “blood”), حىان كوان(xyān kön, “Wednesday”)
^ Garkavec, A. N. (2018) “χan”, in Kypčakskij slovarʹ. Po armjanopisʹmennym pamjatnikam XVI—XVII vekov (in Russian), 3rd edition, Almaty: BAUR, →ISBN
^ Jodłowska-Ebo, M. (2005). The Karaim names of Sunday and Monday. Studio Turcologica Cracoviensia, 10, 131-135.
^ N. T. Kosterkina, A. C. Momde, T. Y. Zhdanova (2001) Словарь нганасанско-русский и русско-нганасанский, St. Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 60
^ M. Y. Barmich, I. A. Vello (2002) Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий (лесной диалект), Просвещение, →ISBN, page 54
^ N. M. Tereschenko (2005) Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN, page 167
^ T. Janurik (2023) “A protoszölkup nyelvállapot és fejleményei. Elektronikus kézirat.”, in Szamojéd Tudástár (in Hungarian), page 23
^ O. A. Kazakevich, Ye. M. Budyanskaya (2010) Диалектологический словарь селькупского языка (северное наречие) , Yekaterinburg: Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the RAS; Баско, →ISBN, page 38 of 368
^ I. A. Korobeynikova (2020) Родное слово , Tomsk: Аграф-Пресс; Вайар, →ISBN, page 52 of 240
^ G. Yu. Kostyuchenko (2023) Тюйкуй Йэжиссан – Селькупский словарь для остяков Молчановского района , Molchanovo, page 23 of 109
^ Donner, Kai R. (1944) Kamassisches Wörterbuch nebst Sprachproben und Hauptzügen der Grammatik, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 28
^ T. Janurik (2021) Kojbál szótár: a publikált szójegyzékek egyesített szótára. (in Hungarian), Székesfehérvár, pages 23, 71
^ E. Helimski (1997) N. Beáta, editor, Die Matorische Sprache (in German), Szeged: JATE Finnugor Tanszék, →ISBN, page 275
Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kiān”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20) (in German), volume 3, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 360-361