Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kömür
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology
From *köń- (“to burn”) + *-mür, however there have previously been attempts at deriving it from *köm- (“to bury”) + *-mür, which is semantically dubious.
Noun
*kömür
Declension
| singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| nominative | *kömür |
| accusative | *kömürüg, *kömürni1) |
| genitive | *kömürnüŋ |
| dative | *kömürke |
| locative | *kömürte |
| ablative | *kömürten |
| allative | *kömürgerü |
| instrumental 2) | *kömürün |
| equative 2) | *kömürče |
| similative 2) | *kömürleyü |
| comitative 2) | *kömürlügü |
1) Originally used only in pronominal declension.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.
Descendants
- Oghur:
- ⇒ Chuvash: кӑмрӑк (kămrăk)
- Proto-Common Turkic: *kömür
- Oghuz:
- Karluk:
- Karakhanid: (kömür)
- ⇒ Karakhanid: کُمُرْلُكْ (kömürlük, “trees harvested for charcoal; where charcoal is stored”)
- Uzbek: koʻmir
- Uyghur: كۆمۈر (kömür)
- Karakhanid: (kömür)
- Kipchak:
- Old Kipchak:
- Armeno-Kipchak: comur (Codex Cumanicus)
- Mamluk-Kipchak: (kömür)
- North Kipchak:
- West Kipchak:
- East Kipchak:
- South Kipchak:
- Old Kipchak:
- Siberian:
- ⇒ Old Turkic: 𐰚𐰇𐰢𐰼𐱃𐰍 (kömürtaɣ, “a mountain between Ötüken and the Karakum desert”)
- Old Uyghur: (kömür)
See also
| Minerals in Proto-Turkic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
stone: *tāĺ |
 |
iron: *temür |
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silver: *kümüĺ |
_1_(17001285916).jpg) |
gold: *altūn |
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copper: *bakïr |
.jpg) |
chalk or earth: *bōr |
_7_(29371452793).jpg) |
coal: *kömür |
_(Billianwala_Salt_Member,_Salt_Range_Formation,_Ediacaran_to_Lower_Cambrian;_Khewra_Salt_Mine,_Salt_Range,_Pakistan)_17.jpg) |
salt: *tūŕ |
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lead: *korguĺčïn |
References
- al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 24
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kömür”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 723
- Erdal, Marcel (1991) Old Turkic Word Formation, volume I, Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 390
- Eren, Hasan (1999) “kömür”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 256
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kömür”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, pages 102-103
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 289
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kömür”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 365