Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yāĺ
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This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Turkic
Etymology 1
Cognate to Proto-Mongolic *na-sun (“age”) through inheritance or borrowing, itself perhaps from earlier *nal-sun. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Noun
*yāĺ
Declension
Declension of *yāĺ
| Singular 3) | |
|---|---|
| Nominative | *yāĺ |
| Accusative | *yāĺnï, *yāĺïg 4), *yāĺnïg 1) |
| Genitive | *yāĺnïŋ |
| Dative | *yāĺka |
| Locative | *yāĺta |
| Ablative | *yāĺtan |
| Allative | *yāĺgaru |
| Instrumental 2) | *yāĺïn |
| Equative 2) | *yāĺča |
| Similative 2) | *yāĺlayu |
| Comitative 2) | *yāĺlïgu |
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Arghu
- Khalaj: yâaş
- Oghuz
- Karluk:
- Kipchak
- Khorezmian Turkic: (yaš)
- Kipchak: (yaš)
- Mamluk-Kipchak: (yaš)
- West Kipchak
- North Kipchak
- South Kipchak
- Siberian
Etymology 2
Relation to above etymology is unclear.
EDAL separates the senses young and fresh by etymology, and compares them to Proto-Mongolic *jala-xu (“young”) and *nïla-xun (“raw”) respectively.
Nugteren also mentions *nïlka (“baby”) as a potential cognate.
Adjective
*yāĺ
Noun
*yāĺ
Derived terms
Descendants
- Arghu
- Khalaj: (yāš)
- Oghuz
- Karluk:
- Kipchak
- Khorezmian Turkic: (yaš)
- Kipchak: (yaš)
- Mamluk-Kipchak: (yaš)
- West Kipchak
- North Kipchak
- South Kipchak
- Siberian
Etymology 3
Very likely in some way related to Proto-Mongolic *nïlbu-sun (“tear”), (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) however EDAL connects it to Proto-Mongolic *ni-dün (“eye”).
Noun
*yāĺ
Derived terms
Descendants
- Arghu
- Khalaj: yâaş
- Oghuz
- Karluk:
- Kipchak
- Khorezmian Turkic: (yaš)
- Siberian
Further reading
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*nàjĺV”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ńi̯ṓĺe”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ńā́ĺba”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*ni̯ā̀”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “ya:ş”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 975
- Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 161
- Doerfer, Gerhard (1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 21) (in German), volume 4, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 97
- Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 192
- Tenišev E. R., editor (2001), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: Leksika [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages: Lexis] (in Russian), volume 4, Moscow: Nauka, page 685