Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yȫn

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*yȫn

side
attitude
way (of doing something)

Declension

Declension of *yȫn

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*yȫn
Accusative	yȫnüg, yȫnni¹⁾
Genitive	*yȫnnüŋ
Dative	*yȫnke
Locative	*yȫnte
Ablative	*yȫnten
Allative	*yȫngerü
Instrumental ²⁾	*yȫnün
Equative ²⁾	*yȫnče
Similative ²⁾	*yȫnleyü
Comitative ²⁾	*yȫnlügü

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Adjective

*yȫn

Descendants

Oghur:
- Old Chuvash *ɕön, *ɕən^[1]
  - Western Mari: (sən, “luck/happiness; usefulness”), ⇒ (sənän, “good, useful”)^[2]
Common Turkic: *yȫn

Oghuz:
- Old Anatolian Turkish:
  - Azerbaijani: yön
  - Ottoman Turkish: یوڭ (yöñ), یوڭ (yüñ), یون (yün)
    - Turkish: yük
    - → North Levantine Arabic: يوك (yūk)
    - Turkish: yön
- ⇒ Turkmen: ýȫne (“simply”); ⇒ ýȫnelmek (“to head”); ⇒ ýȫnekeý (“crude, simple”)
Karluk:
- ⇒ Uzbek: yoʻnalmoq (“to head”), joʻn
- ⇒ Uyghur: يۆنەلمەك (yönelmek, “to head”), جۆن (jön, “of poor quality; useful”)
Kipchak:
- North Kipchak:
  - Bashkir: йүн (yün), ⇒ йүнәлеш (yünəleş)
  - Tatar: җүн (cün)
    - → Chuvash: йӳнӗ (jünĕ, “cheap”)
    - → Eastern Mari: йӧн (jön)
- West Kipchak:
  - ⇒ Crimean Tatar: yönemek
- East Kipchak:
  - Kyrgyz: жөн (jön)
- South Kipchak:
  - Karakalpak: jón
  - Kazakh: жөн (jön)

Reconstruction notes

The vowel length reconstruction relies solely on the Turkmen reflexes.^[3]

References

^ Räsänen, Martti (1920) Die Tschuwassischen Lehnwörter im Tscheremissischen [Chuvash loan words in Mari], Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne, page 192
^ Ramstedt, Gustaf John (1902) Bergtscheremissische Sprachstudien, Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne, page 120
^ Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, page 233

[Räs-1] Räsänen, Martti (1920) Die Tschuwassischen Lehnwörter im Tscheremissischen [Chuvash loan words in Mari], Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne, page 192

[2] Ramstedt, Gustaf John (1902) Bergtscheremissische Sprachstudien, Helsinki: Société Finno-Ougrienne, page 120

[3] Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, page 233

[1]

[2]

[3]