Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/saggjan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sagjaną.

Verb

*saggjan^[1]

to say

Inflection

Class 3 weak j-present
Infinitive	*saggjan
1st sg. past	*sagdā
Infinitive	*saggjan
Genitive infin.	*saggjannjas
Dative infin.	*saggjannjē
Instrum. infin.	*saggjannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*saggju	*sagdā
2nd singular	*sagēs	sagdēs, sagdōs
3rd singular	*sagēþ	sagdē, sagdā
1st plural	*saggjum	*sagdum
2nd plural	*sagēþ	*sagdud
3rd plural	*saggjanþ	*sagdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*saggjē	*sagdī
2nd singular	*saggjēs	*sagdī
3rd singular	*saggjē	*sagdī
1st plural	*saggjēm	*sagdīm
2nd plural	*saggjēþ	*sagdīd
3rd plural	*saggjēn	*sagdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*sagē
Plural	*sagēþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*saggjandī	*sagd

Derived terms

Related terms

*sagōn

Descendants

Old English: seċġan
- Middle English: seggen, seyen, sayen
  - Scots: say, sa
  - English: say
Old Frisian: sedza, sidza
- North Frisian: seja, siie
- West Frisian: sizze
Old Saxon: seggian
- Middle Low German: seggen
  - Low German: seggen
Old Dutch: seggen
- Middle Dutch: seggen
  - Dutch: zeggen
    - Afrikaans: sê
    - Javindo: seg, seggen, sèè
    - Jersey Dutch: sääxxe
    - Petjo: sehhen
  - Limburgish: zègke
Old High German: sagen
- Middle High German: sagen
  - Alemannic German: säge
    - Alsatian: soeje (near Fränkisch areas, in Northern Alsace), sawe (Central), sàge (South)
    - Swabian:
      - Sathmar Swabian: sage
    - Walser: sägä, séege, ŝchegi, ŝchége
  - Bavarian: sogn, sågn, song (phonetic spelling), soon (Timau), sång
  - Central Franconian: sage
  - German: sagen
  - Luxembourgish: soen
  - Vilamovian: ziön
  - Yiddish: זאָגן (zogn)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 108: “*sagʲgʲan”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 108: “*sagʲgʲan”

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