Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swār

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swēraz.

Adjective

*swār^[1]

heavy

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*swār
Genitive	*swāras
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*swār	*swāru	*swār
Accusative	*swāranā	*swārā	*swār
Genitive	*swāras	*swāreʀā	*swāras
Dative	*swārumē	*swāreʀē	*swārumē
Instrumental	*swāru	*swāreʀu	*swāru
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*swārē	*swārō	*swāru
Accusative	*swārā	*swārā	*swāru
Genitive	*swāreʀō	*swāreʀō	*swāreʀō
Dative	swārēm, swārum	swārēm, swārum	swārēm, swārum
Instrumental	swārēm, swārum	swārēm, swārum	swārēm, swārum

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: swǣr
- Middle English: swere, swær, swar, sware, swer, suere
  - English: sweer, swear, sweir, swere
  - Scots: sweir, sweer, swere
Old Frisian: swēr, swēre
- North Frisian: swier
- Saterland Frisian: sweer
- West Frisian: swier
Old Saxon: swār, swāri
- Middle Low German: swâr
  - German Low German: swar, swaar, swor; swer
  - → Danish: svar
Old Dutch: *swār
- Middle Dutch: swâer
  - Dutch: zwaar
    - Afrikaans: swaar
    - Berbice Creole Dutch: swari
    - Negerhollands: swaar, swar
  - Limburgish: zwaor
  - Zealandic: zwaer
Old High German: swār
- Middle High German: swær, swǣre, swār, swēre, swēr
  - Alemannic German:
    Swabian: schwär
  - Bavarian: schwar
  - German: schwer
  - Luxembourgish: schwéier
  - Vilamovian: świer
  - Yiddish: שווער (shver)

References

^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 149: “PWGmc *swār”

[1] Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 149: “PWGmc *swār”

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