User:Sorjam/sandbox

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Some words in Di language with Bodish etymology

The following table is from Jiang and Seda (2021)'s study on the Di language with some minor changes, i.e. voiced codas are interpreted here as voiceless. I've also added some other cognates.

Di word Reconstructed Di pronunciation Possible cognates
(OC *b·roːn) *blan Tibetan བླ (bla), cf. also Proto-Tamangish *ᴬbla 
(OC *rɯ) *rɯ Tibetan འབྲི ('bri), cf. also Proto-Tamangish *ᴮprit 
(OC *preːŋ) *preŋ Tibetan ཕྲེང (phreng)
(OC *be, *pʰi, *kʰjɯʔ) *bjiŋ Tibetan འཕྱིངས ('phyings), ཕྱིང (phying)
仇池 (MC gjuw drje), 仇堆 (MC gjuw twoj), 瞿堆 (MC gju twoj) *gju daɣ Tibetan ཆུ་མདའ (chu mda'), cf. also Proto-Tamangish *ᴮkjui
(OC *ɡaːw) *go wa Tibetan འགོ་པ ('go pa)
(OC *ɡaːb) *khat Tibetan རྒད་པོ (rgad po), cf. also Tshangla katpu
衽露 (OC *njɯms ɡ·raːɡs) *nam ruk Tibetan སྣམ་ཕྲུག (snam phrug)
(OC *baː), (MC bju) *ba Tibetan སྤ (spa)
(MC tsyewH) *tɕe wo Tibetan རྗེ་བོ (rje bo)
仇綏 (MC gjuw swij) *gu tse Tibetan ཀུག་རྩེ (kug rtse)

Bibliography

  • 姜照中; Seda Karataş (2021), “氐语考 ”, in 《民族语文》, ?(1), pp. 55–68.

Yuèzhī 月氏 and Scythian words in Laufer (1917)

Yuezhi or Scythian Pronunciation Possible cognates Notes
(MC srij) *ši Middle Persian 𐫢𐫃𐫡 (šgr /⁠šagr, šēr⁠/),
Khotanese sarau
Attested since ca. II AD
符拔 (MC bju bat) *bubal Ancient Greek βούβαλις (boúbalis), βουβαλίς (boubalís) (doubtful) Some kind of horned animal. Attested since ca. II AD
(MC gip) *giw Middle Persian (/⁠gāw⁠/),
Persian گاو (gâv),
Armenian կով (kov)
First attested in V AD or earlier. Likely Indo-European
翖侯 (MC xip huw),
翕侯 (MC xip huw)
*hiw-gow Proto-Iranian *xšaθrapā- > Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠 (x-š-ç-p-a-v-a /⁠xšaçapāvā⁠/),
Armenian շահապ (šahap)
Satrap
(MC dzyeX),
(MC tsye)
*-ti ~ *-di Ossetian -тӕ (-tæ) A plural suffix

Bibliography

  • Laufer, Berthold (1917) The Language of the Yüe-chi or Indo-Scythians, Chicago: R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company

Sound Correspondences Proto-Austronesian > Proto-Malayo-Polynesian > Tagalog

Vowels[1]
PAN PMP Tagalog
*a *a a
*i *i i, e[2]
*u *u u, o[2]
*ə, *a[3] i[2],[4] a[3], Ø[5]
Consonants[1]
PAN PMP Tagalog
*b *b b
*c *c s
*s *s
*C *t t
*t
*d *d d, r[6]
*D *D
*g *g g
*R *R
*h *h h, Ø[7]
*S
*j *j d, l[6], r[8]
*r *r
*z *z
*l *l l
*m *m m
*n *n n, l[9]
*N *N
ŋ
*p *p p
*q *q ʔ
*w *w w
*y *y y

Notes

  1. 1.0 1.1 Blust (2013)
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 In last-syllable position.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Before PAN *S.
  4. ^ When tonic.
  5. ^ When not accented.
  6. 6.0 6.1 In the middle of a word and between two vowels.
  7. ^ At the and of a word.
  8. ^ Only for PMP *z in the middle of words.
  9. ^ Only for PMP at the beginning of words.

Bibliography

  • Blust Robert (2013) The Austronesian Languages, Australian National University, →ISBN