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The atonalHanyu Pinyin romanization of the Mandarin pronunciation of Chinese西安(Xī'ān), usually glossed as meaning "WesternPeace" but inclusive of the idea of "Western Pacification" or "PacifiedArea", first adopted under the Ming Dynasty in 1369 as the city was conquered from the Yuan and protected with a new wall. The apostrophe is required in pinyin to mark the correct characters involved, distinguishing the two separate syllables of xī and ān from the monosyllabic words xiān, xián, xiǎn, and xiàn. See 隔音符號/隔音符号(géyīn fúhào) for more.
1984 January, Nina Hyde, “The Queen of Textiles”, in National Geographic, volume 165, number 1, page 30:
THE SILK ROAD was actually a perilous network of routes. It was hazardous to monks and pilgrims carrying Buddhist teachings between India and China and even more hazardous to traders, who intended to exchange gold, wool, horses, jade, and glass for silk. The road started in what is now Xi'an, in Shaanxi Province, traversed a barren crust of earth through treacherous mountains and desert across Central Asia to Antioch and Tyre; the last lap, to Europe and Egypt, was by water to other Mediterranean ports.
We began the trip at the ancient capital of Xi'an, where the Chinese put on an elaborate and beautiful welcoming ceremony. The next day we had the opportunity to walk among the rows of the famous terra-cotta warriors, and to have a roundtable discussion with Chinese citizens in the small village of Xiahe.
Then on Wednesday, after our formal talks concluded, Joan, Eleanor, and I traveled to the ancient city of Xi'an, home of the extraordinary exhibit of terra-cotta soldiers.
2016 October 28, Edward Wong, Vanessa Piao, “When China Wants Better Air Readings, Cotton Does the Trick”, in The New York Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 30 October 2016, Asia Pacific:
The scheme was simple: Stuff cotton into air-monitoring equipment so that the air being read would be filtered and seem cleaner. The people doing this to produce better — but false — air-quality readings in Xi’an, the provincial capital of Shaanxi, got away with it for months, until inspectors noticed irregularities in the data.
2023 March 31, Didi Tang, “Terracotta Army’s broken arms may solve mystery of its creation”, in The Times, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 31 March 2023:
Quite how the other 7,999 or so warriors — each about 6ft tall and weighing just over 28 stone — were made more than 2,000 years ago, however, has long been a subject of debate, with experts questioning how the intricately carved figures could have been produced on site in Xi’an, northwestern China.
^ “Selected Glossary”, in The Cambridge Encyclopedia of China, Cambridge University Press, 1982, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, pages 476, 479: “The glossary includes a selection of names and terms from the text in the Wade-Giles transliteration, followed by Pinyin,[…]Hsi-an (Xi'an) 西安”