expergiscor

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Latin

Etymology

Probably a middle (passive in form) from ex- (“ex-, out”) +‎ per- (“intensive prefix”) +‎ regō (“to rule, direct”) +‎ -ēscō (“verbal suffix”).

An alternative etymology derives the last two syllables from unattested *griscor, based on Proto-Indo-European *h₁ger- (“to awaken”), which dissimilated to *giscor after per-. In this case, cognate with Sanskrit जागृ (jāgṛ, “to awake”), Avestan 𐬟𐬭𐬀-𐬖𐬭𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬫𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (fra-γrārayeiti), Ancient Greek ἐγείρω (egeírō, “to awaken”), Middle Persian wygrʼd (wiγrād) (whence Modern Persian بیدار (bidâr, “awake”)), Albanian ngrē (“to lift, to wake”).

It is not known how the transitive sense for English "wake up" got no direct counterpart, putting expergiscor in a similar situation to Spanish gustar.

Pronunciation

Verb

expergīscor (present infinitive expergīscī, perfect active experrēctus sum); third conjugation, deponent (intransitive)

  1. (intransitive) to awake, to wake up (bestir oneself)
    Synonym: vigilō
    Antonyms: obdormīscō, dormiō, obdormiō, dormītō, obdormītō, cubō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of expergīscor (third conjugation, deponent)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present expergīscor expergīsceris,
expergīscere 		expergīscitur expergīscimur expergīsciminī expergīscuntur
imperfect expergīscēbar expergīscēbāris,
expergīscēbāre 		expergīscēbātur expergīscēbāmur expergīscēbāminī expergīscēbantur
future expergīscar expergīscēris,
expergīscēre 		expergīscētur expergīscēmur expergīscēminī expergīscentur
perfect experrēctus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect experrēctus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect experrēctus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present expergīscar expergīscāris,
expergīscāre 		expergīscātur expergīscāmur expergīscāminī expergīscantur
imperfect expergīscerer expergīscerēris,
expergīscerēre 		expergīscerētur expergīscerēmur expergīscerēminī expergīscerentur
perfect experrēctus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect experrēctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — expergīscere — — expergīsciminī —
future — expergīscitor expergīscitor — — expergīscuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives expergīscī experrēctum esse experrēctūrum esse — — —
participles expergīscēns experrēctus experrēctūrus — — expergīscendus,
expergīscundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
expergīscendī expergīscendō expergīscendum expergīscendō experrēctum experrēctū

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “regō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 517-8
  2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₁ger-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 240

Further reading

  • “expergiscor”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “expergiscor”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • expergiscor in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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