exulcérer

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See also: exulcerer

French

Etymology

From Latin exulcerāre.

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Verb

exulcérer

  1. to exulcerate, chafe

Conjugation

This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written exulcérer-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written exulcèrer-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.

Conjugation of exulcérer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple exulcérer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple exulcérant
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle exulcéré
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present exulcère
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛʁ/ 		exulcères
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛʁ/ 		exulcère
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛʁ/ 		exulcérons
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁɔ̃/ 		exulcérez
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁe/ 		exulcèrent
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛʁ/
imperfect exulcérais
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁɛ/ 		exulcérais
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁɛ/ 		exulcérait
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁɛ/ 		exulcérions
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁjɔ̃/ 		exulcériez
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁje/ 		exulcéraient
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁɛ/
past historic2 exulcérai
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁe/ 		exulcéras
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁa/ 		exulcéra
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁa/ 		exulcérâmes
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁam/ 		exulcérâtes
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁat/ 		exulcérèrent
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁɛʁ/
future exulcèrerai or exulcérerai
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁə.ʁe/ 		exulcèreras or exulcéreras
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁə.ʁa/ 		exulcèrera or exulcérera
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛ.ʁə.ʁa/ or /ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁə.ʁa/ 		exulcèrerons or exulcérerons
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ 		exulcèrerez or exulcérerez
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛ.ʁə.ʁe/ or /ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁə.ʁe/ 		exulcèreront or exulcéreront
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛ.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional exulcèrerais or exulcérerais
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁə.ʁɛ/ 		exulcèrerais or exulcérerais
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁə.ʁɛ/ 		exulcèrerait or exulcérerait
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁə.ʁɛ/ 		exulcèrerions or exulcérerions
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛ.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		exulcèreriez or exulcéreriez
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛ.ʁə.ʁje/ or /ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁə.ʁje/ 		exulcèreraient or exulcéreraient
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛ.ʁə.ʁɛ/ or /ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present exulcère
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛʁ/ 		exulcères
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛʁ/ 		exulcère
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛʁ/ 		exulcérions
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁjɔ̃/ 		exulcériez
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁje/ 		exulcèrent
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛʁ/
imperfect2 exulcérasse
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁas/ 		exulcérasses
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁas/ 		exulcérât
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁa/ 		exulcérassions
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁa.sjɔ̃/ 		exulcérassiez
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁa.sje/ 		exulcérassent
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — exulcère
/ɛɡ.zyl.sɛʁ/ 		— exulcérons
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁɔ̃/ 		exulcérez
/ɛɡ.zyl.se.ʁe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

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