fiancer

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French

Etymology

From Middle French fiancer, from Old French fiancier. Equivalent to fiance +‎ -er. Compare Italian fidanzare.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /fjɑ̃.se/, /fi.jɑ̃.se/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

fiancer

  1. (usually reflexive) to get engaged (to be married)

Conjugation

This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.

Conjugation of fiancer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple fiancer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple fiançant
/fjɑ̃.sɑ̃/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle fiancé
/fjɑ̃.se/ or /fi.jɑ̃.se/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present fiance
/fjɑ̃s/ or /fi.jɑ̃s/ 		fiances
/fjɑ̃s/ or /fi.jɑ̃s/ 		fiance
/fjɑ̃s/ or /fi.jɑ̃s/ 		fiançons
/fjɑ̃.sɔ̃/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sɔ̃/ 		fiancez
/fjɑ̃.se/ or /fi.jɑ̃.se/ 		fiancent
/fjɑ̃s/ or /fi.jɑ̃s/
imperfect fiançais
/fjɑ̃.sɛ/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sɛ/ 		fiançais
/fjɑ̃.sɛ/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sɛ/ 		fiançait
/fjɑ̃.sɛ/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sɛ/ 		fiancions
/fjɑ̃.sjɔ̃/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sjɔ̃/ 		fianciez
/fjɑ̃.sje/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sje/ 		fiançaient
/fjɑ̃.sɛ/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sɛ/
past historic2 fiançai
/fjɑ̃.se/ or /fi.jɑ̃.se/ 		fianças
/fjɑ̃.sa/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sa/ 		fiança
/fjɑ̃.sa/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sa/ 		fiançâmes
/fjɑ̃.sam/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sam/ 		fiançâtes
/fjɑ̃.sat/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sat/ 		fiancèrent
/fjɑ̃.sɛʁ/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sɛʁ/
future fiancerai
/fjɑ̃.sʁe/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sʁe/ 		fianceras
/fjɑ̃.sʁa/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sʁa/ 		fiancera
/fjɑ̃.sʁa/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sʁa/ 		fiancerons
/fjɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/ 		fiancerez
/fjɑ̃.sʁe/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sʁe/ 		fianceront
/fjɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sʁɔ̃/
conditional fiancerais
/fjɑ̃.sʁɛ/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sʁɛ/ 		fiancerais
/fjɑ̃.sʁɛ/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sʁɛ/ 		fiancerait
/fjɑ̃.sʁɛ/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sʁɛ/ 		fiancerions
/fjɑ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		fianceriez
/fjɑ̃.sə.ʁje/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sə.ʁje/ 		fianceraient
/fjɑ̃.sʁɛ/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present fiance
/fjɑ̃s/ or /fi.jɑ̃s/ 		fiances
/fjɑ̃s/ or /fi.jɑ̃s/ 		fiance
/fjɑ̃s/ or /fi.jɑ̃s/ 		fiancions
/fjɑ̃.sjɔ̃/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sjɔ̃/ 		fianciez
/fjɑ̃.sje/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sje/ 		fiancent
/fjɑ̃s/ or /fi.jɑ̃s/
imperfect2 fiançasse
/fjɑ̃.sas/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sas/ 		fiançasses
/fjɑ̃.sas/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sas/ 		fiançât
/fjɑ̃.sa/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sa/ 		fiançassions
/fjɑ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/ 		fiançassiez
/fjɑ̃.sa.sje/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sa.sje/ 		fiançassent
/fjɑ̃.sas/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — fiance
/fjɑ̃s/ or /fi.jɑ̃s/ 		— fiançons
/fjɑ̃.sɔ̃/ or /fi.jɑ̃.sɔ̃/ 		fiancez
/fjɑ̃.se/ or /fi.jɑ̃.se/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Middle French

Etymology

Old French fiancier.

Verb

fiancer

  1. to promise
    • 1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 52:
      fiancerent tous que se Lancelot venoit ilz n yroient mie avec lui
      they all promised that if Lancelot came they wouldn't go with him

Conjugation

  • As parler except c becomes ç before a and o. May remain c in older manuscripts.
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of fiancer
infinitive simple fiancer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple fiançant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle fiancé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present fiance fiances fiance fiançons fiancez fiancent
imperfect fiançois, fiançoys fiançois, fiançoys fiançoit, fiançoyt fiancions, fiançons fianciez, fiancyez fiançoient, fiançoyent
past historic fiança fianças fiança fiançasmes fiançastes fiancerent
future fiancerai, fianceray fianceras fiancera fiancerons fiancerez fianceront
conditional fiancerois, fianceroys fiancerois, fianceroys fianceroit, fianceroyt fiancerions, fianceryons fianceriez, fianceryez fianceroient, fianceroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present fiance fiances fiance fiançons fiancez fiancent
imperfect fiançasse fiançasses fiançast fiançassions fiançassiez fiançassent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — fiance — fiançons fiancez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château , Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château , op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

  • French: fiancer
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