gangréner
This verb is conjugated like céder. It is a regular -er verb, except that its last stem vowel alternates between /e/ (written 'é') and /ɛ/ (written 'è'), with the latter being used before mute 'e'. One special case is the future stem, used in the future and the conditional. Before 1990, the future stem of such verbs was written gangréner-, reflecting the historic pronunciation /e/. In 1990, the French Academy recommended that it be written gangrèner-, reflecting the now common pronunciation /ɛ/, thereby making this distinction consistent throughout the conjugation (and also matching in this regard the conjugations of verbs like lever and jeter). Both spellings are in use today, and both are therefore given here.
| infinitive | simple | gangréner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | gangrénant /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | gangréné /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gangrène /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn/ |
gangrènes /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn/ |
gangrène /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn/ |
gangrénons /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nɔ̃/ |
gangrénez /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.ne/ |
gangrènent /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn/ |
| imperfect | gangrénais /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nɛ/ |
gangrénais /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nɛ/ |
gangrénait /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nɛ/ |
gangrénions /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.njɔ̃/ |
gangréniez /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nje/ |
gangrénaient /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | gangrénai /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.ne/ |
gangrénas /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.na/ |
gangréna /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.na/ |
gangrénâmes /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nam/ |
gangrénâtes /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nat/ |
gangrénèrent /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | gangrènerai or gangrénerai /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn.ʁe/ |
gangrèneras or gangréneras /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn.ʁa/ |
gangrènera or gangrénera /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn.ʁa/ |
gangrènerons or gangrénerons /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn.ʁɔ̃/ |
gangrènerez or gangrénerez /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn.ʁe/ |
gangrèneront or gangréneront /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | gangrènerais or gangrénerais /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn.ʁɛ/ |
gangrènerais or gangrénerais /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn.ʁɛ/ |
gangrènerait or gangrénerait /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn.ʁɛ/ |
gangrènerions or gangrénerions /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
gangrèneriez or gangréneriez /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛ.nə.ʁje/ or /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nə.ʁje/ |
gangrèneraient or gangréneraient /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | gangrène /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn/ |
gangrènes /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn/ |
gangrène /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn/ |
gangrénions /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.njɔ̃/ |
gangréniez /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nje/ |
gangrènent /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | gangrénasse /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nas/ |
gangrénasses /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nas/ |
gangrénât /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.na/ |
gangrénassions /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.na.sjɔ̃/ |
gangrénassiez /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.na.sje/ |
gangrénassent /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | gangrène /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁɛn/ |
— | gangrénons /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.nɔ̃/ |
gangrénez /ɡɑ̃.ɡʁe.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||