hæþen

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Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *haiþinaz, probably a specifically Christian use of the base of *haiþī (“uncultivated land”).[1]

Cognate to Old Frisian hêthin, hêthen, Old High German heidan, Old Norse heiðinn, Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃 (*haiþns, “gentile”) (attested as feminine 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍉 (haiþnō)). The Germanic word is primarily an adjective.

Perhaps influenced by Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos, “nation, heathen”), via the loans from Greek in Coptic ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos) and/or Old Armenian հեթանոս (hetʻanos). The stem-vowel was influenced by haiþi (“heath”). See also Proto-Germanic *haiduz, Old Norse heiðr (honour, bright, moor), Icelandic heiður (honour, bright weather).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Adjective

hǣþen

  1. pagan, heathen
Declension
Declension of hǣþen — Strong
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hǣþen hǣþenu, hǣþnu, hǣþeno, hǣþno hǣþen
Accusative hǣþenne hǣþene, hǣþne hǣþen
Genitive hǣþenes, hǣþnes hǣþenre hǣþenes, hǣþnes
Dative hǣþenum, hǣþnum hǣþenre hǣþenum, hǣþnum
Instrumental hǣþene, hǣþne hǣþenre hǣþene, hǣþne
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hǣþene, hǣþne hǣþena, hǣþna, hǣþene, hǣþne hǣþenu, hǣþnu, hǣþeno, hǣþno
Accusative hǣþene, hǣþne hǣþena, hǣþna, hǣþene, hǣþne hǣþenu, hǣþnu, hǣþeno, hǣþno
Genitive hǣþenra hǣþenra hǣþenra
Dative hǣþenum, hǣþnum hǣþenum, hǣþnum hǣþenum, hǣþnum
Instrumental hǣþenum, hǣþnum hǣþenum, hǣþnum hǣþenum, hǣþnum
Declension of hǣþen — Weak
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hǣþena, hǣþna hǣþene, hǣþne hǣþene, hǣþne
Accusative hǣþenan, hǣþnan hǣþenan, hǣþnan hǣþene, hǣþne
Genitive hǣþenan, hǣþnan hǣþenan, hǣþnan hǣþenan, hǣþnan
Dative hǣþenan, hǣþnan hǣþenan, hǣþnan hǣþenan, hǣþnan
Instrumental hǣþenan, hǣþnan hǣþenan, hǣþnan hǣþenan, hǣþnan
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative hǣþenan, hǣþnan hǣþenan, hǣþnan hǣþenan, hǣþnan
Accusative hǣþenan, hǣþnan hǣþenan, hǣþnan hǣþenan, hǣþnan
Genitive hǣþenra, hǣþenena, hǣþnena hǣþenra, hǣþenena, hǣþnena hǣþenra, hǣþenena, hǣþnena
Dative hǣþenum, hǣþnum hǣþenum, hǣþnum hǣþenum, hǣþnum
Instrumental hǣþenum, hǣþnum hǣþenum, hǣþnum hǣþenum, hǣþnum
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Middle English: hethen

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *hadinaz, *hidanaz (“skirt”) (compare *hōdaz (“hood”)).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

hæþen m

  1. Alternative form of heden
Declension
Declension of hæþen (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative hæþen hæþnas
accusative hæþen hæþnas
genitive hæþnes hæþna
dative hæþne hæþnum

References

  1. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.
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