From Proto-Finnic *hëpo, cognate with Estonian hobu, Karelian hepo / hebo, Veps hepo, Livonian ibbi, Votic õpo, Votic opo. Possibly a loan from a descendant of Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos, such as Proto-Germanic *ehwaz.
hepo
| Inflection of hepo (Kotus type 1*E/valo, p-v gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | hepo | hevot | |
| genitive | hevon | hepojen | |
| partitive | hepoa | hepoja | |
| illative | hepoon | hepoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | hepo | hevot | |
| accusative | nom. | hepo | hevot |
| gen. | hevon | ||
| genitive | hevon | hepojen | |
| partitive | hepoa | hepoja | |
| inessive | hevossa | hevoissa | |
| elative | hevosta | hevoista | |
| illative | hepoon | hepoihin | |
| adessive | hevolla | hevoilla | |
| ablative | hevolta | hevoilta | |
| allative | hevolle | hevoille | |
| essive | hepona | hepoina | |
| translative | hevoksi | hevoiksi | |
| abessive | hevotta | hevoitta | |
| instructive | — | hevoin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
From Proto-Finnic *hëpo. Cognates include Finnish hepo and Estonian hobu.
hepo
| Declension of hepo (type 4/koivu, p-v gradation, gemination) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | hepo | hevot |
| genitive | hevon | heppoin, hepoloin |
| partitive | heppoa | hepoja, hepoloja |
| illative | heppoo | heppoi, hepoloihe |
| inessive | hevos | hevois, hepolois |
| elative | hevost | hevoist, hepoloist |
| allative | hevolle | hevoille, hepoloille |
| adessive | hevol | hevoil, hepoloil |
| ablative | hevolt | hevoilt, hepoloilt |
| translative | hevoks | hevoiks, hepoloiks |
| essive | heponna, heppoon | hepoinna, hepoloinna, heppoin, hepoloin |
| exessive1) | hepont | hepoint, hepoloint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
| North Karelian (Viena) |
hepo |
|---|---|
| South Karelian (Tver) |
hebo |
From Proto-Finnic *hëpo. Cognates include Finnish hepo and Veps hebo.
hepo (genitive hevon, partitive hepuo)
| Viena Karelian declension of hepo (type 1/tyttö, p-v gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | hepo | hevot | |
| genitive | hevon | hepojen | |
| partitive | hepuo | hepoja | |
| illative | hepoh | hepoloih | |
| inessive | hevošša | hepoloissa | |
| elative | hevošta | hepoloista | |
| adessive | hevolla | hepoloilla | |
| ablative | hevolta | hepoloilta | |
| translative | hevokši | hepoloiksi | |
| essive | hepona | hepoloina | |
| comitative | — | hepoloineh | |
| abessive | hevotta | hepoloitta | |
| Possessive forms of hepo | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | heponi | |
| 2nd person | hepoš | |
| 3rd person | hepoh | |
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. | ||