From Proto-Finnic *horjudak. Cognate with Ingrian horjua, Karelian horjuo and Votic õrjua.
horjua
Inflection of horjua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | |||||||||||||||||||||
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indicative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present tense | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | horjun | en horju | 1st sing. | olen horjunut | en ole horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | horjut | et horju | 2nd sing. | olet horjunut | et ole horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | horjuu | ei horju | 3rd sing. | on horjunut | ei ole horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | horjumme | emme horju | 1st plur. | olemme horjuneet | emme ole horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | horjutte | ette horju | 2nd plur. | olette horjuneet | ette ole horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | horjuvat | eivät horju | 3rd plur. | ovat horjuneet | eivät ole horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | horjutaan | ei horjuta | passive | on horjuttu | ei ole horjuttu | ||||||||||||||||
past tense | pluperfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | horjuin | en horjunut | 1st sing. | olin horjunut | en ollut horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | horjuit | et horjunut | 2nd sing. | olit horjunut | et ollut horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | horjui | ei horjunut | 3rd sing. | oli horjunut | ei ollut horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | horjuimme | emme horjuneet | 1st plur. | olimme horjuneet | emme olleet horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | horjuitte | ette horjuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte horjuneet | ette olleet horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | horjuivat | eivät horjuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat horjuneet | eivät olleet horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | horjuttiin | ei horjuttu | passive | oli horjuttu | ei ollut horjuttu | ||||||||||||||||
conditional mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | horjuisin | en horjuisi | 1st sing. | olisin horjunut | en olisi horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | horjuisit | et horjuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit horjunut | et olisi horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | horjuisi | ei horjuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi horjunut | ei olisi horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | horjuisimme | emme horjuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme horjuneet | emme olisi horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | horjuisitte | ette horjuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte horjuneet | ette olisi horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | horjuisivat | eivät horjuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat horjuneet | eivät olisi horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | horjuttaisiin | ei horjuttaisi | passive | olisi horjuttu | ei olisi horjuttu | ||||||||||||||||
imperative mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | horju | älä horju | 2nd sing. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | horjukoon | älköön horjuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon horjunut | älköön olko horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | horjukaamme | älkäämme horjuko | 1st plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | horjukaa | älkää horjuko | 2nd plur. | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | horjukoot | älkööt horjuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot horjuneet | älkööt olko horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | horjuttakoon | älköön horjuttako | passive | olkoon horjuttu | älköön olko horjuttu | ||||||||||||||||
potential mood | |||||||||||||||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||||||||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||||||||||||||
1st sing. | horjunen | en horjune | 1st sing. | lienen horjunut | en liene horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
2nd sing. | horjunet | et horjune | 2nd sing. | lienet horjunut | et liene horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
3rd sing. | horjunee | ei horjune | 3rd sing. | lienee horjunut | ei liene horjunut | ||||||||||||||||
1st plur. | horjunemme | emme horjune | 1st plur. | lienemme horjuneet | emme liene horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
2nd plur. | horjunette | ette horjune | 2nd plur. | lienette horjuneet | ette liene horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
3rd plur. | horjunevat | eivät horjune | 3rd plur. | lienevät horjuneet | eivät liene horjuneet | ||||||||||||||||
passive | horjuttaneen | ei horjuttane | passive | lienee horjuttu | ei liene horjuttu | ||||||||||||||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||||||||||||||
infinitives | participles | ||||||||||||||||||||
active | passive | active | passive | ||||||||||||||||||
1st | horjua | present | horjuva | horjuttava | |||||||||||||||||
long 1st1 |
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past | horjunut | horjuttu | |||||||||||||||||
2nd | inessive2 | horjuessa | horjuttaessa | agent4 | horjuma | ||||||||||||||||
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negative | horjumaton | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | horjuen | — | 1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only). | ||||||||||||||||||
3rd | inessive | horjumassa | — | ||||||||||||||||||
elative | horjumasta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
illative | horjumaan | — | |||||||||||||||||||
adessive | horjumalla | — | |||||||||||||||||||
abessive | horjumatta | — | |||||||||||||||||||
instructive | horjuman | horjuttaman | |||||||||||||||||||
4th3 | verbal noun | horjuminen | |||||||||||||||||||
5th1 |
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From Proto-Finnic *horjudak. Cognates include Finnish horjua.
horjua
Conjugation of horjua (type 1/ampua, no gradation) | |||||
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Indikativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | horjun | en horju | 1st singular | oon horjunt, oon horjunut | en oo horjunt, en oo horjunut |
2nd singular | horjut | et horju | 2nd singular | oot horjunt, oot horjunut | et oo horjunt, et oo horjunut |
3rd singular | horjuu | ei horju | 3rd singular | ono horjunt, ono horjunut | ei oo horjunt, ei oo horjunut |
1st plural | horjumma | emmä horju | 1st plural | oomma horjuneet | emmä oo horjuneet |
2nd plural | horjutta | että horju | 2nd plural | ootta horjuneet | että oo horjuneet |
3rd plural | horjuut1), horjuvat2), horjutaa | evät horju, ei horjuta | 3rd plural | ovat horjuneet | evät oo horjuneet, ei oo horjuttu |
impersonal | horjutaa | ei horjuta | impersonal | ono horjuttu | ei oo horjuttu |
Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | horjuin | en horjunt, en horjunut | 1st singular | olin horjunt, olin horjunut | en olt horjunt, en olt horjunut |
2nd singular | horjuit | et horjunt, et horjunut | 2nd singular | olit horjunt, olit horjunut | et olt horjunt, et olt horjunut |
3rd singular | horjui | ei horjunt, ei horjunut | 3rd singular | oli horjunt, oli horjunut | ei olt horjunt, ei olt horjunut |
1st plural | horjuimma | emmä horjuneet | 1st plural | olimma horjuneet | emmä olleet horjuneet |
2nd plural | horjuitta | että horjuneet | 2nd plural | olitta horjuneet | että olleet horjuneet |
3rd plural | horjuit1), horjuivat2), horjuttii | evät horjuneet, ei horjuttu | 3rd plural | olivat horjuneet | evät olleet horjuneet, ei olt horjuttu |
impersonal | horjuttii | ei horjuttu | impersonal | oli horjuttu | ei olt horjuttu |
Konditsionala | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | horjuisin | en horjuis | 1st singular | olisin horjunt, olisin horjunut | en olis horjunt, en olis horjunut |
2nd singular | horjuisit, horjuist1) | et horjuis | 2nd singular | olisit horjunt, olisit horjunut | et olis horjunt, et olis horjunut |
3rd singular | horjuis | ei horjuis | 3rd singular | olis horjunt, olis horjunut | ei olis horjunt, ei olis horjunut |
1st plural | horjuisimma | emmä horjuis | 1st plural | olisimma horjuneet | emmä olis horjuneet |
2nd plural | horjuisitta | että horjuis | 2nd plural | olisitta horjuneet | että olis horjuneet |
3rd plural | horjuisiit1), horjuisivat2), horjuttais | evät horjuis, ei horjuttais | 3rd plural | olisivat horjuneet | evät olis horjuneet, ei olis horjuttu |
impersonal | horjuttais | ei horjuttais | impersonal | olis horjuttu | ei olis horjuttu |
Imperativa | |||||
Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
2nd singular | horju | elä horju | 2nd singular | oo horjunt, oo horjunut | elä oo horjunt, elä oo horjunut |
3rd singular | horjukoo | elköö horjuko | 3rd singular | olkoo horjunt, olkoo horjunut | elköö olko horjunt, elköö olko horjunut |
1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
2nd plural | horjukaa | elkää horjuko | 2nd plural | olkaa horjuneet | elkää olko horjuneet |
3rd plural | horjukoot | elkööt horjuko, elköö horjuttako | 3rd plural | olkoot horjuneet | elkööt olko horjuneet, elköö olko horjuttu |
impersonal | horjuttakkoo | elköö horjuttako | impersonal | olkoo horjuttu | elköö olko horjuttu |
Potentsiala | |||||
Preesens | |||||
positive | negative | ||||
1st singular | horjunen | en horjune | |||
2nd singular | horjunet | et horjune | |||
3rd singular | horjunoo | ei horjune | |||
1st plural | horjunemma | emmä horjune | |||
2nd plural | horjunetta | että horjune | |||
3rd plural | horjunoot | evät horjune, ei horjuttane | |||
impersonal | horjuttannoo | ei horjuttane | |||
Nominal forms | |||||
Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
active | passive | ||||
1st | horjua | present | horjuva | horjuttava | |
2nd | inessive | horjujees | past | horjunt, horjunut | horjuttu |
instructive | horjuen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (horjukaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative ***) The deliberative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) or -kse to either the indicative or the potential ****) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse-, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
3rd | illative | horjumaa | |||
inessive | horjumaas | ||||
elative | horjumast | ||||
abessive | horjumata | ||||
4th | nominative | horjumiin | |||
partitive | horjumista, horjumist |