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hostis. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
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Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *hostis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”), whence also Proto-Germanic *gastiz (English guest) and Proto-Slavic *gostь. Varro (de lingua latina 5.4) confirms this: tum eō verbō dīcēbant peregrīnum , nunc dīcunt eum quem tum dīcēbant perduellem. ("Back then this word meant a stranger, today it means the same as perduellis - an enemy of the state.").
Pronunciation
Noun
hostis m or f (genitive hostis); third declension
- an enemy of the state, a hostile
- Synonyms: inimīcus, perduellis
- (plural only) the enemy
Declension
Third-declension noun (i-stem).
Derived terms
Descendants
References
- “hostis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “hostis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- hostis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- hostis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to cut one's way (through the enemies' ranks): ferro viam facere (per confertos hostes)
- the foe is at our heels, is upon us: hostis in cervicibus alicuius est
- to try one's strength with the enemy; to try issue of battle: periculum hostis facere
- to cut off all supplies of the enemy: intercludere, prohibere hostes commeatu
- to surprise and defeat the enemy: opprimere hostes (imprudentes, incautos, inopinantes)
- to make an inroad into hostile territory: excursionem in hostium agros facere
- to offer battle to the enemy: potestatem, copiam pugnandi hostibus facere
- to provoke the enemy to battle: proelio (ad pugnam) hostes lacessere, provocare
- to not let the enemy escape: hostem e manibus non dimittere
- to march on the enemy: gradum inferre in hostem
- to attack the enemy: aggredi hostem
- to attack the enemy: invadere, impetum facere in hostem
- to attack the enemy: signa inferre in hostem
- to rush into the midst of the foe: in medios hostes se inicere
- to break through the enemy's centre: per medios hostes (mediam hostium aciem) perrumpere
- to come to close quarters: manum (us) conserere cum hoste
- to come to close quarters: signa conferre cum hoste
- to attack the enemy in the front: adversis hostibus occurrere
- to attack the enemy in the rear: aversos hostes aggredi
- to attack the enemy in the rear: hostes a tergo adoriri
- to fight a pitched, orderly battle with an enemy: iusto (opp. tumultuario) proelio confligere cum hoste (Liv. 35. 4)
- to throw oneself on the enemy with drawn sword: strictis gladiis in hostem ferri
- to fall upon the enemy's flank: in latus hostium incurrere
- to surround the enemy from the rear: circumvenire hostem aversum or a tergo (B. G. 2. 26)
- to be surrounded by the superior force of the enemy: multitudine hostium cingi
- to be a match for the enemy: parem (opp. imparem) esse hosti
- to repulse the enemy: pellere hostem
- the enemy's line is repulsed: acies hostium impellitur
- to drive the enemy from his position: loco movere, depellere, deicere hostem (B. G. 7. 51)
- to repel the attack of the enemy's cavalry: summovere or reicere hostium equites
- to repulse an attack: repellere, propulsare hostem
- to rout the enemy: prosternere, profligare hostem
- to put the enemy to flight: in fugam dare, conicere hostem
- to put the enemy to flight: fugare hostem
- to rout the enemy's forces: fundere hostium copias
- to utterly rout the enemy: caedere et fundere hostem
- to utterly rout the enemy: fundere et fugare hostem
- to drive the enemy before one: prae se agere hostem
- to run away from the enemy: terga dare hosti
- to pursue the enemy: hostes insequi, prosequi
- to follow up and harass the enemy when in flight: hostes (fusos) persequi
- to overtake the enemy: hostes assequi, consequi
- to be on the heels of the enemy: tergis hostium inhaerere
- to bring the flying enemy to a stand: fugam hostium reprimere (B. G. 3. 14)
- there was great slaughter of fugitives: magna caedes hostium fugientium facta est
- to escape from the hands of the enemy: effugere, elābi e manibus hostium
- to let the enemy escape: dimittere e manibus hostes
- to rescue some one from the hands of the enemy: eripere aliquem e manibus hostium
- to inflict a defeat on the enemy: cladem hostibus afferre, inferre
- to annihilate, cut up the enemy, an army: hostes, exercitum delere, concīdere
- to absolutely annihilate the enemy: hostes ad internecionem caedere, delere (Liv. 9. 26)
- to absolutely annihilate the enemy: hostium copias occidione occīdere (Liv. 2. 51)
- to gain a victory over the enemy: victoriam reportare ab hoste
- to throw grappling irons on board; to board: in navem (hostium) transcendere
- “hostis”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “hostis”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Portuguese
Adjective
hostis
- plural of hostil