hutkia

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Finnish

Etymology

Sound-symbolic root +‎ -ia;[1] compare huhkia, Karelian hutkata, Veps hutkata

Pronunciation

Verb

hutkia

  1. to hit, beat

Conjugation

Inflection of hutkia (Kotus type 61/sallia, no gradation)
indicative mood
present tense perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. hutkin en hutki 1st sing. olen hutkinut en ole hutkinut
2nd sing. hutkit et hutki 2nd sing. olet hutkinut et ole hutkinut
3rd sing. hutkii ei hutki 3rd sing. on hutkinut ei ole hutkinut
1st plur. hutkimme emme hutki 1st plur. olemme hutkineet emme ole hutkineet
2nd plur. hutkitte ette hutki 2nd plur. olette hutkineet ette ole hutkineet
3rd plur. hutkivat eivät hutki 3rd plur. ovat hutkineet eivät ole hutkineet
passive hutkitaan ei hutkita passive on hutkittu ei ole hutkittu
past tense pluperfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. hutkin en hutkinut 1st sing. olin hutkinut en ollut hutkinut
2nd sing. hutkit et hutkinut 2nd sing. olit hutkinut et ollut hutkinut
3rd sing. hutki ei hutkinut 3rd sing. oli hutkinut ei ollut hutkinut
1st plur. hutkimme emme hutkineet 1st plur. olimme hutkineet emme olleet hutkineet
2nd plur. hutkitte ette hutkineet 2nd plur. olitte hutkineet ette olleet hutkineet
3rd plur. hutkivat eivät hutkineet 3rd plur. olivat hutkineet eivät olleet hutkineet
passive hutkittiin ei hutkittu passive oli hutkittu ei ollut hutkittu
conditional mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. hutkisin en hutkisi 1st sing. olisin hutkinut en olisi hutkinut
2nd sing. hutkisit et hutkisi 2nd sing. olisit hutkinut et olisi hutkinut
3rd sing. hutkisi ei hutkisi 3rd sing. olisi hutkinut ei olisi hutkinut
1st plur. hutkisimme emme hutkisi 1st plur. olisimme hutkineet emme olisi hutkineet
2nd plur. hutkisitte ette hutkisi 2nd plur. olisitte hutkineet ette olisi hutkineet
3rd plur. hutkisivat eivät hutkisi 3rd plur. olisivat hutkineet eivät olisi hutkineet
passive hutkittaisiin ei hutkittaisi passive olisi hutkittu ei olisi hutkittu
imperative mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. — — 1st sing. — —
2nd sing. hutki älä hutki 2nd sing. — —
3rd sing. hutkikoon älköön hutkiko 3rd sing. olkoon hutkinut älköön olko hutkinut
1st plur. hutkikaamme älkäämme hutkiko 1st plur. — —
2nd plur. hutkikaa älkää hutkiko 2nd plur. — —
3rd plur. hutkikoot älkööt hutkiko 3rd plur. olkoot hutkineet älkööt olko hutkineet
passive hutkittakoon älköön hutkittako passive olkoon hutkittu älköön olko hutkittu
potential mood
present perfect
person positive negative person positive negative
1st sing. hutkinen en hutkine 1st sing. lienen hutkinut en liene hutkinut
2nd sing. hutkinet et hutkine 2nd sing. lienet hutkinut et liene hutkinut
3rd sing. hutkinee ei hutkine 3rd sing. lienee hutkinut ei liene hutkinut
1st plur. hutkinemme emme hutkine 1st plur. lienemme hutkineet emme liene hutkineet
2nd plur. hutkinette ette hutkine 2nd plur. lienette hutkineet ette liene hutkineet
3rd plur. hutkinevat eivät hutkine 3rd plur. lienevät hutkineet eivät liene hutkineet
passive hutkittaneen ei hutkittane passive lienee hutkittu ei liene hutkittu
Nominal forms
infinitives participles
active passive active passive
1st hutkia present hutkiva hutkittava
long 1st1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st hutkiakseni hutkiaksemme
2nd hutkiaksesi hutkiaksenne
3rd hutkiakseen
hutkiaksensa
past hutkinut hutkittu
2nd inessive2 hutkiessa hutkittaessa agent4 hutkima
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st hutkiessani hutkiessamme
2nd hutkiessasi hutkiessanne
3rd hutkiessaan
hutkiessansa
negative hutkimaton
instructive hutkien —
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.

2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).

4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
3rd inessive hutkimassa —
elative hutkimasta —
illative hutkimaan —
adessive hutkimalla —
abessive hutkimatta —
instructive hutkiman hutkittaman
4th3 verbal noun hutkiminen
5th1
Possessive forms
Person sing. plur.
1st hutkimaisillani hutkimaisillamme
2nd hutkimaisillasi hutkimaisillanne
3rd hutkimaisillaan
hutkimaisillansa

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎ (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN

Further reading

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