imaginary

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imaginary

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From Middle English ymaginarie, ymagynary, from Latin imāginārius (“relating to images, fancied”), from imāgō, equivalent to imagine +‎ -ary.

The mathematical sense derives from René Descartes's use (of the French imaginaire) in 1637, La Geometrie, to ridicule the notion of regarding non-real roots of polynomials as numbers.^[1] Although Descartes' usage was derogatory, the designation stuck even after the concept gained acceptance in the 18th century.

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəɹi/, /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnɹi/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌnɛɹi/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: im‧a‧gin‧a‧ry

imaginary (comparative more imaginary, superlative most imaginary)

1. Existing only in the imagination.

   imaginary friend

   Unicorns are imaginary.

   • 1712 (date written), Addison, Cato, a Tragedy. , London: J Tonson, , published 1713, →OCLC, Act I, scene iv, page 1:

     Wilt thou add to all the griefs I suffer / Imaginary ills and fancied tortures?

2. (mathematics, of a number) Having no real part; that part of a complex number which is a multiple of ${\displaystyle {\sqrt {-1}}}$ (called imaginary unit).

• (existing only in the imagination): all in one's head

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imaginary (plural imaginaries)

1. Imagination; fancy.
   • 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin, published 2003, page 324:

     By then too Mozart's opera, from Da Ponte's libretto, had made Figaro a stock character in the European imaginary and set the whole Continent whistling Mozartian airs and chuckling at Figaresque humour.

2. (mathematics, countable) An imaginary number.
3. (sociology) The set of values, institutions, laws, and symbols common to a particular social group and the corresponding society through which people imagine their social whole.
   • 1978, John Derrickson McCurdy, Visionary Appropriation, page 145:

     The sensory media are sensuous materials which prolong our bodily life into the surrounding world, and hence the media are imaginaries. These perceptually penetrated materials are " imaginaries " because they operate here in our living body […] .

   • 1994, Graham Dawson, Soldier Heroes: British Adventure, Empire, and the Imagining ..., page 51:

     For example, colonial motifs of many kinds became increasingly central to the British national imaginary from the mid-nineteenth century, while the imaginative significance of 'the soldier' has long been derived from, and helped to sustain, the linkage between national and military imaginaries.

   • 2015, Adrian Daub, Elisabeth Krimmer, Goethe Yearbook 22, page 96:

     While Oil, its extraction, and the global petroculture and its role in transforming the planet's climate undoubtedly play a crucial role in the Antropocene imaginary — to the extent that petrofiction has been construed not just as a genre but as a periodizing gesture of "petromodernity"  — it would hamper both the imagination and the root of petrofiction to restrict the range of this term to the encounter with fossil fuels within a carbon imaginary.