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Afar

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /irɡiˈʕe/
  • Hyphenation: ir‧gi‧qe

Verb

irgiqé

  1. (transitive) cut down

Conjugation

    Conjugation of irgiqe (type I verb)
1st singular 2nd singular 3rd singular 1st plural 2nd plural 3rd plural
m f
perfective V-affirmative irgiqéh tirgiqéh yirgiqéh tirgiqéh nirgiqéh tirgiqeeníh yirgiqeeníh
N-affirmative irgiqé tirgiqé yirgiqé tirgiqé nirgiqé tirgiqén yirgiqén
negative máargiqinniyo máargiqinnito máargiqinna máargiqinna máargiqinnino máargiqinniton máargiqinnon
imperfective V-affirmative argiqéh targiqéh yargiqéh targiqéh nargiqéh targiqeeníh yargiqeeníh
N-affirmative argiqé targiqé yargiqé targiqé nargiqé targiqén yargiqén
negative máargiqa mátargiqa máyargiqa,
míyargiqa		 mátargiqa mánargiqa mátargiqan máyargiqan,
míyargiqan
prospective V-affirmative argiqéliyoh,
argiqéyyoh		 argiqélitoh,
argiqéttoh		 argiqéleh argiqéleh argiqélinoh,
argiqénnoh		 argiqélitoonuh,
argiqéttoonuh		 argiqéloonuh
N-affirmative argiqéliyo,
argiqéyyo		 argiqélito,
argiqétto		 argiqéle argiqéle argiqélino,
argiqénno		 argiqéliton,
argiqétton		 argiqélon
conjunctive I V-affirmative argíquh targíquh yargíquh targíquh nargíquh targiqóonuh yargiqóonuh
N-affirmative argíqu targíqu yargíqu targíqu nargíqu targiqón yargiqón
negative argiqé wáyuh argiqé wáytuh argiqé wáyuh argiqé wáytuh argiqé wáynuh argiqé waytóonuh argiqé wóonuh
conjunctive II V-affirmative argiqénkeh targiqénkeh yargiqénkeh targiqénkeh nargiqénkeh targiqeenínkeh yargiqeenínkeh
N-affirmative argiqénke targiqénke yargiqénke targiqénke nargiqénke targiqeenínke yargiqeenínke
negative argiqé wáankeh argiqé waytánkeh argiqé wáankeh argiqé waytánkeh argiqé waynánkeh argiqé waytaanankéh argiqé waanánkeh
jussive affirmative argíqay targíqay yargíqay targíqay nargíqay targiqóonay yargiqóonay
negative argiqé wáay argiqé wáytay argiqé wáay argiqé wáytay argiqé wáynay argiqé waytóonay argiqé wóonay
past
conditional 		affirmative argiqinniyóy argiqinnitóy argiqinnáy argiqinnáy argiqinninóy argiqinnitoonúy argiqinnoonúy
negative argiqé wanniyóy argiqé wannitóy argiqé wannáy argiqé wannáy argiqé wanninóy argiqé wannitoonúy argiqé wannoonúy
present
conditional I 		affirmative irgiqék tirgiqék yirgiqék tirgiqék nirgiqék tirgiqeeník yirgiqeeník
negative argiqé wéek argiqé wayték argiqé wéek argiqé wayték argiqé waynék argiqé wayteeník argiqé weeník
singular plural singular plural
consultative affirmative argiqóo nargiqóo imperative affirmative irgíq irgíqa
negative maargiqóo manargiqóo negative máargiqin máargiqina
-h converb -i form -k converb -in(n)uh converb -innuk converb infinitive indefinite participle
V-focus N-focus
argíqih argíqi argíquk argiqínnuh argiqínnuk argiqíyya argiqinnáanih argiqinnáan
Compound tenses
past perfect affirmative perfective + perfective of én or sugé
present perfect affirmative perfective + imperfective of én
future perfect affirmative perfective + prospective of sugé
past progressive -k converb + imperfective of én or sugé
present progressive affirmative imperfect + imperfective of én
future progressive -k converb + prospective of sugé
immediate future affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of wée
imperfect potential I affirmative conjunctive I + imperfective of takké
imperfect
potential II 		affirmative imperfective + -m + takké
negative argiqé + imperfective of wée + -m + takké
perfect
potential 		affirmative perfective + -m + takké
negative argiqé + perfective of wée + -m + takké
present
conditional II 		affirmative imperfective + object pronoun + tekkék
negative argiqé + perfective of wée + object pronoun + tekkék
perfect
conditional 		affirmative perfective + imperfective of sugé + -k
negative perfective + sugé + imperfective of wée -k
irrealis argiqé + perfective of xaaxé or raaré

References

  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “irgiqe”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎, Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
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