koń

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Lower Sorbian

Noun

koń m animal

  1. Superseded spelling of kóń.

Declension

Old Polish

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kòňь. First attested in the 14th century.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /kɔ(ː)ɲ/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /kɔɲ/, /koɲ/

Noun

koń m ? (diminutive konik, augmentative koniowy or koński)

  1. horse (hoofed mammal, Equus ferus caballus, often used throughout history for riding and draft work)
    • 1959 [1386], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty poznańskie, volume I, number 3:
      Czso Krziwosandowi vkradzoni kone, tego Sandziwog vzitka ne ma
      [Czso Krzywosądowi ukradziony konie, tego Sędziwoj użytka nie ma]
    • 1921 [1466], Kazimierz Tymieniecki, editor, Wolność kmieca na Mazowszu w wieku XV, page 39:
      Jako... ya czeladzy ksadza proboszczowey we dwdzesthu kony nye odbyl gwalthem
      [Jako... ja czeladzi księdza proboszczowej we dwudziestu koni nie odbił gwałtem]
    • 1440, rękopiśmienne ekscerpty - glosy z rozariusza z rękopisu znajdującego się w zbiorach Biblioteki Klasztornej oo. Paulinów na Jasnej Górze pod sygn. II 25 z r. 1444, page 89r:
      Equirea uel equaria uel equaricia sunt greges equuorum proprie stado cony
      [Equirea uel equaria uel equaricia sunt greges equuorum proprie stado koni]
    • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 4r:
      Adaquare wesseren id est ad aquam ducere konye napogycz
      [Adaquare wesseren id est ad aquam ducere konie napoić]
    • c. 1500, Wokabularz lubiński, inkunabuł Archiwum Archidiecezjalnego w Gnieźnie, sygn. Inc. 78d., page 10v:
      Antela est cingulus vel quod ante pectus equi tenditur eyn vorbog an eynem sattel pothpaszny pasz v konyą vel pothpyerszny pasz
      [Antela est cingulus vel quod ante pectus equi tenditur eyn vorbog an eynem sattel podpaszny pas u konia vel podpierśny pas]
  2. The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
    1. pile, heap, stack
    2. corruption of Latin cōnus
      • 1878-1889 [1241], Archiwum Komisji Historycznej, volume IV, page 35:
        A superiori riuulo, ubi con seu cumulus lapidum vlg. nuncupatus
        [A superiori riuulo, ubi koń seu cumulus lapidum vlg. nuncupatus]

Derived terms

nouns
verbs

Related terms

nouns

Descendants

  • Masurian: kóń
  • Polish: koń
  • Silesian: kōń

References

Polish

Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
koń sense 1
koń sense 2

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish koń.

Pronunciation

Noun

koń m animal (diminutive konik, augmentative konisko, related adjective koński)

  1. horse (hoofed mammal, Equus ferus caballus, often used throughout history for riding and draft work)
  2. (chess) knight (chess piece, often in the shape of a horse's head, that is moved two squares in one direction and one at right angles to that direction in a single move, leaping over any intervening pieces)
    Synonym: skoczek
  3. (gymnastics) horse (piece of equipment with a body on two or four legs, approximately four feet high, sometimes (pommel horse) with two handles on top)
  4. ticket salesperson
  5. horse (children's toy resembling a horse)
  6. (in the plural) horse-drawn carriage
  7. (archaic, collective) horserider and horse
  8. (obsolete, education, Warsaw, school slang) F (bad or failing grade)
    Synonym: jedynka
  9. (obsolete) lazy person
    Synonym: leniwiec
  10. (obsolete) a type of siege engine similar to a battering ram
  11. (Middle Polish) a type of torture device

Declension

Derived terms

adjectives
adverbs
nouns
phrases
proverbs
verbs

See also

Chess pieces in Polish · bierki szachowe (layout · text)
♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
król hetman, królowa, królówka, dama wieża goniec, laufer, giermek skoczek, koń, konik pion, pionek

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), koń is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 15 times in scientific texts, 11 times in news, 3 times in essays, 28 times in fiction, and 25 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 82 times, making it the 781st most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.

References

  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “koń”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 194

Further reading

  • koń in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • konie in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • koń in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “koń”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
  • KOŃ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 27.03.2023
  • Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “koń”, in Słownik języka polskiego
  • Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “koń”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
  • J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “koń”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 460
  • koń in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego