kívül

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Hungarian

Etymology

Lexicalization of the Old Hungarian noun ki ~ kiv (outer part) +‎ -l (ablative suffix).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: kí‧vül
  • Rhymes: -yl

Adverb

kívül

  1. outside, outdoors
    Synonym: kint
    Antonyms: belül, bent

Derived terms

Compound words

Postposition

kívül

  1. outside of something (followed by -n/-on/-en/-ön)
  2. apart from, besides (followed by -n/-on/-en/-ön)

Declension

When used with personal pronouns, the postposition is placed after the declined form, e.g. rajtam kívül (besides me). The other option is the declension of the postposition itself. It is, however, archaic or poetic:

Derived terms

Compound words
Expressions

References

  1. ^ kívül in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
  2. ^ kívül in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.

Further reading

  • kívül in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN