laime

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See also: láime, laimē, and laimė

Latvian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From the same Proto-Indo-European stem as the verb laist (“to let, to allow”) (q.v.): *laid-mē > laime. The verb laist can also mean “to give, to grant,” which would suggest for laime the original meaning of “given, granted (thing),” which could be either positive or negative, i.e., “fate,” a meaning with which laime can be found in folk songs and tales, and in occasional modern phrases like laba laime “good luck.” In common usage, however, the meaning of laime developed from “fate” to “good, happy fate,” “happiness.” Cognates include Lithuanian láimė, Old Prussian laeims (, “rich”), laimiskan (“abundant”).[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

laime f (5th declension)

  1. (only singular) happiness (mental and emotional state denoting harmony with the internal and external worlds; the quality of one who is happy)
    vēlēt laimes ― to wish happiness, success
    daudz laimes! ― (I wish you) lots of happiness!
    apreibt no laimes ― to be giddy with happiness
    acis paceliet uz laimes zemi ― lift (your) eyes to the land of happiness
    aktrise bija kā sparnos un, laimē starodama, stājās pie darba ― the actress was as if in wings, and, beaming with happiness, she started her work
  2. (only singular) (good) luck, (good) fortune, chance (an accidental set of favorable circumstances)
    akla laime ― blind luck
    paļauties uz laimi ― to rely on luck
    par laimi ― fortunately, luckily (lit. by luck)
    laimes rats ― the wheel of fortune
    laimes spēle ― game of chance
    kāda laime, ka es tevi šovakar satiku ― how lucky that I met you tonight
    redz nu, kāda tev laime: primais noķēri zivi ― see how lucky you were: the first to catch a fish
  3. luck, fate (a traditional form of divination, typical of New Year, based on the shapes made by molten metal — lead, tin — in water)
    Jaungada laime ― New Year's luck
    pēc vakariņam norunāja liet laimes, un visi pārgāja uz virtuvi; Ilzīte jau tālredzīgi bija apgādājusies ar svinu ― after dinner they arranged to pour fates (i.e., molten metal into water); little Ilze, with foresight, had already supplied herself with lead
  4. lilac flower with more than four corollas, or shamrock with more than three petals, both believed to bring good luck
    es atradu vienu laimes zidu: astoņas lapas! ― I found one lucky flower: eight petals!
    viņas iet tuvu garām lielam, samtaini mēļam ceriņkrūmam; Ieva apstājas, acīm ātri pārskrej dažus ziedu zarus: “trīspadsmit!” viņa iesaucas. “Tik daudz laimju! tādas es atradu tikai jaunībā.” ― they went by a big, velvety violet lilac bush; Ieva stops, (her) eyes quickly run over several flower branches: “thirteen!” she exclaims. “So many lucky flowers! Such (= So many) I found only in my youth.”

Declension

Declension of laime (5th declension)
singular (vienskaitlis) plural (daudzskaitlis)
nominative (nominatīvs) laime laimes
accusative (akuzatīvs) laimi laimes
genitive (ģenitīvs) laimes laimju
dative (datīvs) laimei laimēm
instrumental (instrumentālis) laimi laimēm
locative (lokatīvs) laimē laimēs
vocative (vokatīvs) laime laimes

Synonyms

Antonyms

Derived terms

References

  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “laime”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

Noun

laime

  1. instrumental/vocative singular of laimė (“fortune”)
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