mí-

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "mi"

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish mí-[1] (compare Scottish Gaelic mì-), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”). Cognate with English mis-, Latin minus (“lesser”), Ancient Greek μείων (meíōn, “less”).

Prefix

mí-

  1. Having a negative or missing quality
    bad, ill-, evil, dis-, mis-, mal-
  2. not
    un-, in-, dis-, mis-

Usage notes

  • Does not change form for broad or slender nouns;
  • Triggers lenition when attached to a noun or adjective beginning with a consonant:
    ‎mí- + ‎ceart (“right, correct”) → ‎mícheart (“incorrect, wrong”)
    ‎mí- + ‎cothrom (“equal; balanced; level”) → ‎míchothrom (“uneven”)
  • Written with a hyphen when attached to nouns or adjectives beginning with a vowel:
    ‎mí- + ‎ordú (“order”) → ‎mí-ordú (“disorder”)

Synonyms

Derived terms

Irish terms prefixed with mí-

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
mí- mhí- not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

  1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “mí-”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

Old Irish

Etymology

Possibly from mis (“less”). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to change”).

Prefix

mí-

  1. (derogatory) evil, ill, sinister
    Synonym: do-

Derived terms

Old Irish terms prefixed with mí-

Descendants

  • Irish: mí-
  • Manx: mee-
  • Scottish Gaelic: mì-

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Nasalization
mí-
also mmí- after a proclitic
ending in a vowel 		mí-
pronounced with /β̃(ʲ)-/ 		unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia