naufrager

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin naufragāre (“to become shipwrecked”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /no.fʁa.ʒe/
  • Audio:(file)

Verb

naufrager

  1. (archaic, intransitive, of a vessel) to sink, go down
    Synonyms: couler, faire naufrage, sombrer
  2. (intransitive, of a person) to be on a sinking vessel, go down
  3. (intransitive, figuratively) to be on a sinking ship

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written naufrage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of naufrager (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple naufrager
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple naufrageant
/no.fʁa.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle naufragé
/no.fʁa.ʒe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present naufrage
/no.fʁaʒ/ 		naufrages
/no.fʁaʒ/ 		naufrage
/no.fʁaʒ/ 		naufrageons
/no.fʁa.ʒɔ̃/ 		naufragez
/no.fʁa.ʒe/ 		naufragent
/no.fʁaʒ/
imperfect naufrageais
/no.fʁa.ʒɛ/ 		naufrageais
/no.fʁa.ʒɛ/ 		naufrageait
/no.fʁa.ʒɛ/ 		naufragions
/no.fʁa.ʒjɔ̃/ 		naufragiez
/no.fʁa.ʒje/ 		naufrageaient
/no.fʁa.ʒɛ/
past historic2 naufrageai
/no.fʁa.ʒe/ 		naufrageas
/no.fʁa.ʒa/ 		naufragea
/no.fʁa.ʒa/ 		naufrageâmes
/no.fʁa.ʒam/ 		naufrageâtes
/no.fʁa.ʒat/ 		naufragèrent
/no.fʁa.ʒɛʁ/
future naufragerai
/no.fʁaʒ.ʁe/ 		naufrageras
/no.fʁaʒ.ʁa/ 		naufragera
/no.fʁaʒ.ʁa/ 		naufragerons
/no.fʁaʒ.ʁɔ̃/ 		naufragerez
/no.fʁaʒ.ʁe/ 		naufrageront
/no.fʁaʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional naufragerais
/no.fʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ 		naufragerais
/no.fʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ 		naufragerait
/no.fʁaʒ.ʁɛ/ 		naufragerions
/no.fʁa.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		naufrageriez
/no.fʁa.ʒə.ʁje/ 		naufrageraient
/no.fʁaʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present naufrage
/no.fʁaʒ/ 		naufrages
/no.fʁaʒ/ 		naufrage
/no.fʁaʒ/ 		naufragions
/no.fʁa.ʒjɔ̃/ 		naufragiez
/no.fʁa.ʒje/ 		naufragent
/no.fʁaʒ/
imperfect2 naufrageasse
/no.fʁa.ʒas/ 		naufrageasses
/no.fʁa.ʒas/ 		naufrageât
/no.fʁa.ʒa/ 		naufrageassions
/no.fʁa.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ 		naufrageassiez
/no.fʁa.ʒa.sje/ 		naufrageassent
/no.fʁa.ʒas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — naufrage
/no.fʁaʒ/ 		— naufrageons
/no.fʁa.ʒɔ̃/ 		naufragez
/no.fʁa.ʒe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

Latin

Verb

naufrager

  1. first-person singular present passive subjunctive of naufragō
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