surnager

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French

Etymology

From sur- +‎ nager.

Pronunciation

  • Audio:(file)

Verb

surnager

  1. to stay afloat
  2. to keep up, to make it

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written surnage- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of surnager (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple surnager
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple surnageant
/syʁ.na.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle surnagé
/syʁ.na.ʒe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present surnage
/syʁ.naʒ/ 		surnages
/syʁ.naʒ/ 		surnage
/syʁ.naʒ/ 		surnageons
/syʁ.na.ʒɔ̃/ 		surnagez
/syʁ.na.ʒe/ 		surnagent
/syʁ.naʒ/
imperfect surnageais
/syʁ.na.ʒɛ/ 		surnageais
/syʁ.na.ʒɛ/ 		surnageait
/syʁ.na.ʒɛ/ 		surnagions
/syʁ.na.ʒjɔ̃/ 		surnagiez
/syʁ.na.ʒje/ 		surnageaient
/syʁ.na.ʒɛ/
past historic2 surnageai
/syʁ.na.ʒe/ 		surnageas
/syʁ.na.ʒa/ 		surnagea
/syʁ.na.ʒa/ 		surnageâmes
/syʁ.na.ʒam/ 		surnageâtes
/syʁ.na.ʒat/ 		surnagèrent
/syʁ.na.ʒɛʁ/
future surnagerai
/syʁ.naʒ.ʁe/ 		surnageras
/syʁ.naʒ.ʁa/ 		surnagera
/syʁ.naʒ.ʁa/ 		surnagerons
/syʁ.naʒ.ʁɔ̃/ 		surnagerez
/syʁ.naʒ.ʁe/ 		surnageront
/syʁ.naʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional surnagerais
/syʁ.naʒ.ʁɛ/ 		surnagerais
/syʁ.naʒ.ʁɛ/ 		surnagerait
/syʁ.naʒ.ʁɛ/ 		surnagerions
/syʁ.na.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		surnageriez
/syʁ.na.ʒə.ʁje/ 		surnageraient
/syʁ.naʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present surnage
/syʁ.naʒ/ 		surnages
/syʁ.naʒ/ 		surnage
/syʁ.naʒ/ 		surnagions
/syʁ.na.ʒjɔ̃/ 		surnagiez
/syʁ.na.ʒje/ 		surnagent
/syʁ.naʒ/
imperfect2 surnageasse
/syʁ.na.ʒas/ 		surnageasses
/syʁ.na.ʒas/ 		surnageât
/syʁ.na.ʒa/ 		surnageassions
/syʁ.na.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ 		surnageassiez
/syʁ.na.ʒa.sje/ 		surnageassent
/syʁ.na.ʒas/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — surnage
/syʁ.naʒ/ 		— surnageons
/syʁ.na.ʒɔ̃/ 		surnagez
/syʁ.na.ʒe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris , Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

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