wšd

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See also: wSd

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈwaːʃatʼ//ˈwaːʃatʼ//ˈwaːʃətʼ//ˈwoːʃətʼ/

Verb

wSd
d
A2

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to address (someone); to direct speech to
  2. (transitive) to question (someone), including to question (someone) judicially; to direct questions to
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 13–17:
      ia
      N35B
      a
      t W
      iim
      m
      amwHrZ1DbaZ2
      k
      ixY2wSbA2kwSdd
      t
      A2k

      mddwA2k
      n
      swt
      n
      G7ib Z1
      k
      ma
      k
      wSbA2kD35
      n
      nititA2
      jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k jḫ wšb.k wšd.t(w).k mdw.k n nswt jb.k m-ꜥ.k wšb.k nn njtjt
      Wash yourself, put water on your fingers,
      so you might answer when you are addressed, speak to the king with your mind in your possession, and answer without stammering.
  3. (transitive) to welcome (someone) with words or a gesture, to salute
  4. (transitive) to esteem, to honor (someone) (+ ḥr: because of)
  5. (intransitive, of gods, in formulaic oracular pronouncements) to assent, to agree

Inflection

Conjugation of wšd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: wšd, geminated stem: wšdd
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
wšd
wšdw, wšd
wšdt
wšd
wšd
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
wšd
ḥr wšd
m wšd
r wšd
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect wšd.n
wšdw, wšd
consecutive wšd.jn
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative wšdt
perfective3 wšd
active + .tj1, .tw2
obligative1 wšd.ḫr
active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective wšd
active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 wšd
wšdd
potentialis1 wšd.kꜣ
active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive wšd
active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect wšd.n
active + .tj1, .tw2
perfective wšd
active + .tj1, .tw2
wšd
wšd, wšdw5, wšdy5
imperfective wšd, wšdy, wšdw5
active + .tj1, .tw2
wšd, wšdj6, wšdy6
wšd, wšdw5
prospective wšd, wšdtj7
wšdtj4, wšdt4

1 Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
2 Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
3 Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
4 Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. 5 Only in the masculine singular.
6 Only in the masculine.
7 Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  • wšd (lemma ID 50700)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae, Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 375.7–375.15
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 71
  • James P Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 273.