ybyrá

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Old Tupi

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *ɨβɨr.[1] The sense of cross is a semantic loan from Portuguese madeiro.

Cognate with Mbyá Guaraní and Paraguayan Guaraní yvyra.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Rhymes: -a
  • Hyphenation: y‧by‧rá

Noun

ybyrá (unpossessable)

  1. tree
    Synonym: 'yba
    • 1622, anonymous author, “Pe, pello grosso da aruore, masto, etc.”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica, volume 2 (overall work in Old Tupi and Portuguese), Piratininga, page 68; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, São Paulo: USP, 1953:
      Igbigraîpigpeain
      [Ybyraypype aín]
      I stood by a tree trunk.
  2. wood
    • c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “De algũas dições, que ſos per ſi nao ſignificão; mas juntas a outras partes da oração, lhe dão ſentido differente”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language]‎ (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 79:
      […] Aybyrá áb […]
      [ […] Aybira'ab […] ]
      I cut wood.
  3. stick
    • c. 1628, Luís Figueira, “Da Prepoſição 5. parte da oração”, in Arte da lingua Braſilica [Art of the Brasílica Language]‎ (overall work in Portuguese), Lisbon: Manuel da Silva, page 67v:
      Ainupã xerayra ybyrà pupè […]
      [Aînupã xe ra'yra ybyrá pupé […] ]
      I whipped my son with a stick.
  4. fence; outer wall
    Synonym: ka'aysá
  5. (Christianity, Late Tupi) cross
    Synonyms: îoasaba, kurusá, ybyraîekunasaba
    • 16th century, Joseph of Anchieta, “Cantiga por "El sin ventura"”, in Eduardo de Almeida Navarro, Helder Perri Ferreira, compilers, Poemas: lírica portuguesa e tupi (Poetas do Brasil; 5), 2nd edition, São Paulo: Martins Fontes, published 2004, →ISBN, page 90, lines 8–14:
      Îandé 'anga raûsupape
      ybyrá pupé omanõmo;
      îandé repyme'engape,
      anhangape oîemoyrõmo,
      îandé raûsupa,
      îandé rarõmo
      îandé 'anga pysyrõmo.
      Because of his love for our soul, he dies on the cross; to give us the remission, infuriating himself because of the devil, loving us, looking after us, saving our soul.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Nheengatu: mirá
  • → Portuguese: Ibirá, Iburá

References

  1. ^ Antônio Augusto Souza Mello (2000 March 17) “Reconstruções Lexicais e Cognatos” (chapter III), in Estudo histórico da família linguística tupi-guarani: aspectos fonológicos e lexicais‎ (in Portuguese), Florianópolis: UFSC
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