δόλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European *delH- (“to reckon”) (which de Vaan considers to be possibly the same root as *delh₁- (“to split”)), and compared with Latin dolus (“fraud, malice”), Oscan (dolom, “intention, ruse”),^[1] Proto-Germanic *talō (“narration, assessment”) (whence Old English talu (“account reckoning”)), Hittite (talliije/azi, “to pray to, evoke (a deity)”), and Old Armenian տող (toł, “line, row”).^[2]

Beekes is skeptical of most of these cognates except for the Italic terms (which he considers borrowed from Greek), and tentatively derives the Greek term from Pre-Greek.^[3]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dó.los/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈdo.los/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈðo.los/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈðo.los/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈðo.los/

Noun

δόλος • (dólos) m (genitive δόλου); second declension

trick, deceit
(in the plural) wiles
bait (e.g. for fish)

Declension

Second declension of ὁ δόλος; τοῦ δόλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ δόλος ho dólos	τὼ δόλω tṑ dólō	οἱ δόλοι hoi dóloi
Genitive	τοῦ δόλου toû dólou	τοῖν δόλοιν toîn dóloin	τῶν δόλων tôn dólōn
Dative	τῷ δόλῳ tôi dólōi	τοῖν δόλοιν toîn dóloin	τοῖς δόλοις toîs dólois
Accusative	τὸν δόλον tòn dólon	τὼ δόλω tṑ dólō	τοὺς δόλους toùs dólous
Vocative	δόλε dóle	δόλω dólō	δόλοι dóloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Second declension of δόλος; δόλου (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	δόλος dólos	δόλω dólō	δόλοι dóloi
Genitive	δόλου / δολοῖο / δόλοιο / δολόο / δόλοο dólou / doloîo / dóloio / dolóo / dóloo	δόλοιῐν dóloiĭn	δόλων dólōn
Dative	δόλῳ dólōi	δόλοιῐν dóloiĭn	δόλοισῐ / δόλοισῐν / δόλοις dóloisĭ(n) / dólois
Accusative	δόλον dólon	δόλω dólō	δόλους dólous
Vocative	δόλε dóle	δόλω dólō	δόλοι dóloi
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

ἄδολος (ádolos)
δολερός (dolerós)
δόλιος (dólios)
δολοφρονέων (dolophronéōn)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dolus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*tala-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 508
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δόλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 346

“δόλος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
δόλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“δόλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- catch idem, page 118.
- cheat idem, page 127.
- craft idem, page 181.
- cunning idem, page 189.
- deceit idem, page 200.
- deceitfulness idem, page 200.
- design idem, page 215.
- diplomacy idem, page 225.
- dissimulation idem, page 239.
- double-dealing idem, page 248.
- duplicity idem, page 256.
- finesse idem, page 321.
- fraud idem, page 343.
- guile idem, page 378.
- hoax idem, page 402.
- insincerity idem, page 445.
- machination idem, page 506.
- pitfall idem, page 615.
- plot idem, page 621.
- ruse idem, page 727.
- scheme idem, page 739.
- shift idem, page 765.
- sleight idem, page 783.
- snare idem, page 788.
- stratagem idem, page 823.
- trap idem, page 890.
- treachery idem, page 891.
- trick idem, page 894.
- wile idem, page 979.

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dolus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*tala-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 508

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δόλος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 346

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δόλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References

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