Perhaps a borrowing of a Lydian word for “king” or a similar word in another language of Asia Minor,[1][2] possibly cognate with Proto-Celtic *tigernos (e.g., Gildas' phrase "superbo tyranno Vortigerno").[3]
Compare Hittite (šarawanaš), (tarawanaš), Philistine 𐤈𐤓𐤍 (ṭrn, “lord, ruler”),[4] Τυρρηνός (Turrhēnós, “Etruscan”), τύρσις (túrsis, “tower”) and Etruscan 𐌕𐌖𐌓𐌏𐌍 (turon, “mistress, lady”), a surname of Venus, which is probably related.[2]
The Hittite term is a compound with first part possibly Phoenician 𐤑𐤓 (ṣr /tzor/, “Tyre”) and second part cognate to Ancient Greek ἄναξ (ánax), Mycenaean Greek 𐀷𐀙𐀏 (king) i.e., a king who donned the Tyrean purple.
Beekes argued for a Pre-Greek origin.[5]
τῠ́ρᾰννος • (túrannos) m or f (genitive τῠρᾰ́ννου); second declension
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ, ἡ τῠ́ρᾰννος ho, hē túrannos |
τὼ τῠρᾰ́ννω tṑ turánnō |
οἱ, αἱ τῠ́ρᾰννοι hoi, hai túrannoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ, τῆς τῠρᾰ́ννου toû, tês turánnou |
τοῖν τῠρᾰ́ννοιν toîn turánnoin |
τῶν τῠρᾰ́ννων tôn turánnōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ, τῇ τῠρᾰ́ννῳ tôi, têi turánnōi |
τοῖν τῠρᾰ́ννοιν toîn turánnoin |
τοῖς, ταῖς τῠρᾰ́ννοις toîs, taîs turánnois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν, τὴν τῠ́ρᾰννον tòn, tḕn túrannon |
τὼ τῠρᾰ́ννω tṑ turánnō |
τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς τῠρᾰ́ννους toùs, tā̀s turánnous | ||||||||||
Vocative | τῠ́ρᾰννε túranne |
τῠρᾰ́ννω turánnō |
τῠ́ρᾰννοι túrannoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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τῠ́ρᾰννος • (túrannos) m or f (neuter τῠ́ρᾰννον); second declension
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | Masculine / Feminine | Neuter | ||||||||
Nominative | τῠ́ρᾰννος túrannos |
τῠ́ρᾰννον túrannon |
τῠρᾰ́ννω turánnō |
τῠρᾰ́ννω turánnō |
τῠ́ρᾰννοι túrannoi |
τῠ́ρᾰννᾰ túranna | ||||||||
Genitive | τῠρᾰ́ννου turánnou |
τῠρᾰ́ννου turánnou |
τῠρᾰ́ννοιν turánnoin |
τῠρᾰ́ννοιν turánnoin |
τῠρᾰ́ννων turánnōn |
τῠρᾰ́ννων turánnōn | ||||||||
Dative | τῠρᾰ́ννῳ turánnōi |
τῠρᾰ́ννῳ turánnōi |
τῠρᾰ́ννοιν turánnoin |
τῠρᾰ́ννοιν turánnoin |
τῠρᾰ́ννοις turánnois |
τῠρᾰ́ννοις turánnois | ||||||||
Accusative | τῠ́ρᾰννον túrannon |
τῠ́ρᾰννον túrannon |
τῠρᾰ́ννω turánnō |
τῠρᾰ́ννω turánnō |
τῠρᾰ́ννους turánnous |
τῠ́ρᾰννᾰ túranna | ||||||||
Vocative | τῠ́ρᾰννε túranne |
τῠ́ρᾰννον túrannon |
τῠρᾰ́ννω turánnō |
τῠρᾰ́ννω turánnō |
τῠ́ρᾰννοι túrannoi |
τῠ́ρᾰννᾰ túranna | ||||||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
τῠρᾰ́ννως turánnōs |
τῠρᾰννότερος turannóteros |
τῠρᾰννότᾰτος turannótatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
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τύραννος • (týrannos) m (plural τύραννοι)
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | τύραννος (týrannos) | τύραννοι (týrannoi) |
genitive | τυράννου (tyránnou) | τυράννων (tyránnon) |
accusative | τύραννο (týranno) | τυράννους (tyránnous) |
vocative | τύραννε (týranne) | τύραννοι (týrannoi) |