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tyrant. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
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English
Wikispecies
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle English tyraunt, tiraunt, tyrant, tyrante, from Old French tyrant, from the addition of a terminal -t to tiran (cp. French tyran) via a back-formation related to the development of French present participles out of the Latin -ans form, from Latin tyrannus (“despot”), from Ancient Greek τύραννος (túrannos, “usurper, monarch, despot”), of uncertain origin.
Pronunciation
Noun
tyrant (plural tyrants)
- (historical, Ancient Greece) A usurper; one who gains power and rules extralegally, distinguished from kings elevated by election or succession.
c. 1591–1592 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Third Part of Henry the Sixt, ”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, , line 71:To proue him Tyrant, this reason may suffice, That Henry liueth still.
1980, Michel Austin et al., Economic and Social History of Ancient Greece, section 142:The reappearance of tyranny [in the 4th century BC] had many reasons... one of the main causes was the development of antagonism between rich and poor; tyrants came to power exploiting a social and political imbalance within the state.
1996, Roger Boesche, Theories of Tyranny, from Plato to Arendt, section 4:Ancient Greek tyrannies appeared once more in great numbers with the breakdown of the polis in the period from the fourth to the second centuries . These later tyrannies tended to rely on a more narrow class base and to use a brutal military rule, and thus writers could use the words tyrant and tyranny, with their modern connotations of evil and cruelty, to describe them accurately.
- (obsolete) Any monarch or governor.
- 1737, William Whiston translating Josephus, History of the Jewish Wars, I xii §2:
- Cassius... set tyrants over all Syria.
- A despot; a ruler who governs unjustly, cruelly, or harshly.
- 1587, Philip Sidney and Arthur Golding, A woorke concerning the trewnesse of the christian religion, translating Philippe De Mornay, XII 196:
- Tyrannes...be but Gods scourges which he will cast into the fyre when he hath done with them.
1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, , line 5:
1744, Alexander Shiels [i.e., Alexander Shields], “Period VI. Containing the Testimony through the Continued Tract of the Present Deformation, from the Year 1660 to this Day.”, in A Hind Let Loose: Or, An Historical Representation of the Testimonies of the Church of Scotland, for the Interest of Christ; with the True State thereof in All Its Periods: , Edinburgh: Reprinted by R. Drummond and Company, and sold by William Gray bookbinder in the Grassmarket, and several others, &c., →OCLC, pages 167–168:Here is a Proclamation for a Prince: that proclaims him in whoſe name it is emitted [James II of England], to be the greateſt Tyrant that ever lived in the world, and their Revolt who have diſowned him to be the juſteſt that ever was.
1888, James Bryce, The American Commonweath, I iv 42:They [viz., the Framers of the American Constitution] held England to be the freest and best-governed country in the world, but were resolved to avoid the weak points which had enabled King George III. to play the tyrant, and which rendered English liberty, as they thought, far inferior to that which the constitutions of their own States secured.
- (by extension) Any person who abuses the power of position or office to treat others unjustly, cruelly, or harshly.
1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, , line 161:
- 1817, Mary Mitford in Alfred L'Estrange, The life of Mary Russell Mitford (1870), II i 2
- a sad tyrant, as my friends the Democrats sometimes are.
- (by extension) A villain; a person or thing who uses strength or violence to treat others unjustly, cruelly, or harshly.
- 1528, Thomas Paynell translating Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano, Regimen Sanitatis Salerni:
- A pike (called the tyranne of fishes).
1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, , line 85:O dissembling Curtesie! How fine this Tyrant Can tickle where she wounds?
1847, A. Helps, Friends in Council, I viii 132:Public opinion, the greatest tyrant of these times.
- The tyrant birds, members of the family Tyrannidae, which often fight or drive off other birds which approach their nests.
1731, Mark Catesby, The natural history of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands, I 55:The Tyrant... The courage of this little Bird is singular.
- c. 1841, Swainson, Penny Cyclopaedia, XXI 415 2:
- The lesser tyrants (Tyrannulae) are spread over the whole of America, where they represent the true flycatcher... The tyrants are bold and quarrelsome birds, particularly during the season of incubation.
1895, Alfred Newton, A Dictionary of Birds:Tyrant or Tyrant-bird, Catesby applied it solely to...the King-bird..., but apparently as much in reference to its bright crown...as to its tyrannical behaviour to other birds.
Synonyms
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
Translations
historical / Ancient Greece: usurper
harsh and cruel ruler
- Arabic: طَاغِيَة (ṭāḡiya)
- Armenian: բռնակալ (hy) (bṙnakal), բռնապետ (hy) (bṙnapet)
- Avestan: 𐬯𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬀 (sāsta)
- Basque: tirano
- Breton: tirant m
- Bulgarian: тира́н (bg) m (tirán)
- Catalan: tirà (ca) m, tirana (ca) f
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 暴君 (bou6 gwan1), 暴主 (bou6 zyu2)
- Hokkien: 暴君 (zh-min-nan) (pō-kun)
- Mandarin: 暴君 (zh) (bàojūn), 暴主 (bàozhǔ)
- Cornish: turant m, turantes f
- Czech: tyran (cs) m
- Danish: tyran c
- Dutch: tiran (nl) m
- Esperanto: tirano (eo)
- Estonian: please add this translation if you can
- Finnish: tyranni (fi), hirmuhallitsija (fi)
- French: tyran (fr) m
- Middle French: tyran m
- Old French: tirant m
- Georgian: ტირანი (ṭirani)
- German: Tyrann (de) m, Tyrannin (de) f
- Greek: τύραννος (el) m (týrannos)
- Ancient: τῠ́ρᾰννος m (túrannos)
- Hungarian: zsarnok (hu), despota (hu), elnyomó (hu), kényúr (hu)
- Irish: ansmachtaí m, aintiarna m, anlaith m, tíoránach m
- Italian: tiranno (it) m, tiranna f
- Japanese: 暴君 (ja) (ぼうくん, bōkun)
- Korean: 참주(僭主) (ko) (chamju), 폭군(暴君) (ko) (pokgun)
- Latin: tyrannus m
- Latvian: please add this translation if you can
- Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
- Macedonian: ти́ран m (tíran)
- Manx: çhenjagh m, tranlaasagh, treanagh, treanyder
- Middle English: tyraunt
- Norman: tyran m (Jersey)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: tyrann m
- Nynorsk: tyrann m
- Persian: ساستا (fa) (sâstâ)
- Polish: tyran (pl) m
- Portuguese: tirano (pt) m, tirana f
- Romanian: tiran (ro) m, tirană f
- Russian: тира́н (ru) m (tirán), деспот (ru) m (despot), тиранка (ru) f (tiranka)
- Scottish Gaelic: aintighearna m
- Slovak: please add this translation if you can
- Spanish: tirano (es) m, tirana (es) f
- Swedish: tyrann (sv) c
- Ukrainian: please add this translation if you can
- Vietnamese: bạo chúa (vi) (暴主)
- Volapük: (♂♀) tirenan (vo), (♂) hitirenan, (♀) jitirenan
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person who abuses their power
- Catalan: tirà (ca) m
- Dutch: tiran (nl) m
- Esperanto: (♂♀) tirano (eo), (explicitly ♂) virtirano, (explicitly ♂) tiraniĉo, (explicitly ♀) tiranino
- Finnish: tyranni (fi)
- French: tyran (fr) m
- Georgian: ტირანი (ṭirani)
- German: Tyrann (de) m, Tyrannin (de) f
- Greek: τύραννος (el) m (týrannos)
- Hungarian: zsarnok (hu)
- Ido: (♂♀) tirano (io), (♂) tiranulo, (♀) tiranino
- Irish: ansmachtaí m
- Italian: tiranno (it) m
- Latin: tyrannus m
- Middle English: tyraunt
- Norman: tyran m (Jersey)
- Polish: tyran (pl) m, autokrata (pl) m, autokratka (pl) f
- Portuguese: tirano (pt) m
- Russian: тира́н (ru) m (tirán)
- Spanish: tirano (es) m
- Swedish: tyrann (sv) c, best (sv) c
- Volapük: (♂♀) tirenan (vo), (♂) hitirenan, (♀) jitirenan
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person who uses violence to treat others unjustly
Translations to be checked
- Afrikaans: (please verify) tiran
- Albanian: (please verify) tiran (sq) m
- Arabic: (please verify) طَاغِيَة m (ṭāḡiya)
- Belarusian: (please verify) тыра́н m (tyrán)
- Chinese:
- Mandarin: (please verify) 暴君 (zh) (bàojūn), (please verify) 僭主 (zh) (jiànzhǔ)
- Danish: (please verify) tyran c
- Dutch: (please verify) tiran (nl) m
- Esperanto: (♂♀) (please verify) tirano (eo), (explicitly ♂) (please verify) virtirano, (explicitly ♂) (please verify) tiraniĉo, (explicitly ♀) (please verify) tiranino
- Estonian: (please verify) türann
- French: (please verify) tyran (fr) m
- Georgian: (please verify) ტირანი (ṭirani)
- German: (please verify) Tyrann (de) m, (please verify) Tyrannin (de) f
- Greek: (please verify) τύραννος (el) m (týrannos)
- Ancient: (please verify) τύραννος m (túrannos)
- Hindi: (please verify) तानाशाह (hi) m (tānāśāh), (please verify) आततायी (hi) m (āttāyī)
- Hungarian: (please verify) zsarnok (hu), (please verify) despota (hu), (please verify) kényúr (hu)
- Irish: (please verify) ansmachtaí m, (please verify) anlaith m
- Italian: (please verify) tiranno (it) m
- Japanese: (please verify) 僭主 (ja) (せんしゅ, senshu), (please verify) 暴君 (ja) (ぼうくん, bōkun)
- Korean: (please verify) 참주(僭主) (ko) (chamju), (please verify) 폭군(暴君) (ko) (pokgun)
- Lao: (please verify) ທໍລະລາດ (thǭ la lāt), (please verify) ທໍຣະຣາດ (thǭ ra rāt)
- Latvian: (please verify) tirāns m
- Lithuanian: (please verify) tironas m
- Macedonian: (please verify) тиранин m (tiranin)
- Norman: (please verify) tyran m (Jersey)
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: (please verify) tyrann m
- Nynorsk: (please verify) tyrann m
- Persian: (please verify) ساستا (fa) (sâstâ), (please verify) مستبد (fa) (mostabedd)
- Portuguese: (please verify) tirano (pt) m
- Romanian: (please verify) tiran (ro) m
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: (please verify) тира̀нин m
- Roman: (please verify) tirànin (sh) m
- Shan: (please verify) ၶုၼ်မိူၵ်ႈ (khǔn mōek)
- Slovak: (please verify) tyran m
- Slovene: (please verify) tiran (sl) m
- Swedish: (please verify) tyrann (sv) c
- Tajik: (please verify) мустабид (mustabid)
- Thai: (please verify) ทรราช (th) (tɔɔ-rá-râat)
- Turkish: (please verify) tiran (tr), (please verify) despot (tr)
- Ukrainian: (please verify) тира́н m (tyrán)
- Uzbek: (please verify) tiran (uz)
- Vietnamese: (please verify) bạo chúa (vi) ((please verify) 暴主)
- Volapük: (♂♀) (please verify) tirenan (vo), (♂) (please verify) hitirenan, (♀) (please verify) jitirenan
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Adjective
tyrant
- (uncommon) Tyrannical, tyrannous; like, characteristic of, or in the manner of a tyrant.
c. 1530, John Rastell, Pastyme of People:
c. 1598–1600 (date written), William Shakespeare, “As You Like It”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, , line 278:Thus must I from the smoake into the smother,
From tyrant Duke, vnto a tyrant Brother.
- 1775, Abigail Adams, letter in Familiar Letters of John Adams and his wife Abigail Adams, during the Revolution (1876), 124:
- ...a reconciliation between our no longer parent state, but tyrant state, and these colonies.
Verb
tyrant (third-person singular simple present tyrants, present participle tyranting, simple past and past participle tyranted)
- (intransitive, obsolete) To act like a tyrant; to be tyrannical.
a. 1661, Thomas Fuller, Of Fancy:Let thy judgment be king, but not tyrant over it
- (transitive, obsolete) To tyrannize.
References
Further reading
- “tyrant”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “tyrant”, in The Century Dictionary , New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “tyrant”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams
Middle English
Noun
tyrant
- Alternative form of tyraunt