товарищ

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See also: товариш

Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic товарищь (tovariščĭ), from Proto-Slavic *tovariščь, from *tovarъ +‎ *-iščь.

Ultimately an early borrowing of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic tavar (“property, goods, trade, wealth”) + ishchi (“one who works”), from ish (“business, work”), from Proto-Turkic *īĺč (“work”) (or, possibly instead -iš (“friend”)).[1][2] See modern Turkish işçi (“worker”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

това́рищ • (továrišč) m anim (genitive това́рища, nominative plural това́рищи, genitive plural това́рищей, feminine това́рка, relational adjective това́рищеский)

  1. comrade, friend (male or female)
  2. mate, companion, pal (male or female)
  3. colleague, assistant (male or female)
  4. classmate, fellow student (male or female)
  5. a word used to address compatriots, fellow citizens (male or female) in the Soviet era

Declension

Declension of това́рищ (anim masc-form sibilant-stem accent-a) 
singular plural
nominative това́рищ
továrišč 		това́рищи
továrišči
genitive това́рища
továrišča 		това́рищей
továriščej
dative това́рищу
továrišču 		това́рищам
továriščam
accusative това́рища
továrišča 		това́рищей
továriščej
instrumental това́рищем
továriščem 		това́рищами
továriščami
prepositional това́рище
továrišče 		това́рищах
továriščax

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Rusistika: The Russian Journal of the Association for Language Learning, vol. 11-14. The Association, 1995. page 17.
  2. ^ “tovarish”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “товарищ”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “товарищ”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 247
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