товарищ

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See also: товариш

Russian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Inherited from Old East Slavic товарищь (tovariščĭ), from Proto-Slavic *tovariščь, from *tovarъ +‎ *-iščь.

Ultimately an early borrowing of Turkic origin, from Old Turkic tavar (property, goods, trade, wealth) + ishchi (one who works), from ish (business, work), from Proto-Turkic *īĺč (work) (or, possibly instead -iš (friend)).[1][2] See modern Turkish işçi (worker).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key):
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Noun

това́рищ (továriščm anim (genitive това́рища, nominative plural това́рищи, genitive plural това́рищей, feminine това́рка, relational adjective това́рищеский)

  1. comrade, friend (male or female)
  2. mate, companion, pal (male or female)
  3. colleague, assistant (male or female)
  4. classmate, fellow student (male or female)
  5. a word used to address compatriots, fellow citizens (male or female) in the Soviet era

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “товарищ”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “товарищ”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 247