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This is the default and unmarked word for "axe". Every type of axe and battle-axe may be called топор, however, poleaxes and halberds are currently not widely considered to be axes by Russian speakers, as they are felt to be allied to spears and pikes, while for example the Dane axe is seen as an axe.
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “топор”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
